Question 1

If there are ten different intermediate products produced in stages leading to a molecule in a cell,we can expect that there

Accepted Answer

A)  is one enzyme that carries this process through each of the ten stages to the end product. 
B)  is one enzyme for degradation and another enzyme for synthesis. 
C)  may not be any enzymes involved if this is a natural cell product. 
D)  are about ten enzymes, at least one responsible for each step in the metabolic pathway. 
A)  is one enzyme that carries this process through each of the ten stages to the end product. 
B)  is one enzyme for degradation and another enzyme for synthesis. 
C)  may not be any enzymes involved if this is a natural cell product. 
D)  are about ten enzymes, at least one responsible for each step in the metabolic pathway. D

Question 2

Which is true of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  All enzymes promote only catabolic reactions 
B)  Reactions catalyzed by most enzymes tend to go predominantly in one direction 
C)  All enzymatic reactions are reversible and produce equal amounts of products in both directions 
D)  All enzymes promote only anabolic reactions 
A)  All enzymes promote only catabolic reactions 
B)  Reactions catalyzed by most enzymes tend to go predominantly in one direction 
C)  All enzymatic reactions are reversible and produce equal amounts of products in both directions 
D)  All enzymes promote only anabolic reactions B

Question 3

Stored energy that is not doing work but has the capacity to do work is called __________ ___________.

Accepted Answer

potential energy

Question 4

In high levels,alcohol is toxic.Why would an animal utilize fermentation if it were wasteful of the energy in food molecules and posed the threat of killing itself?

Accepted Answer

A)  The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction 
B)  If glucose levels are not high, there may be time to disperse the alcohol "waste." 
C)  Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the full breakdown cycle 
D)  All of the choices are advantages 
A)  The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction 
B)  If glucose levels are not high, there may be time to disperse the alcohol "waste." 
C)  Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the full breakdown cycle 
D)  All of the choices are advantages

Question 5

Discuss the recent research that claims that food intake,and therefore the amount of fat deposition,is creating a "set point" in specific parts of the brain.

Accepted Answer

Recent research has suggested that food

Question 6

What establishes an electrochemical gradient across a membrane to provide energy for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mitochondrion's electron transport system provides the ions 
B)  Hydrogen ions naturally collect on the outside of the organelle membrane 
C)  Hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane by carrier proteins 
D)  All of the above establish the electrochemical gradient 
A)  The mitochondrion's electron transport system provides the ions 
B)  Hydrogen ions naturally collect on the outside of the organelle membrane 
C)  Hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane by carrier proteins 
D)  All of the above establish the electrochemical gradient

Question 7

How do an enzyme and its substrate fit together?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzyme breaks down as product is released 
B)  The whole enzyme is a key that fits into the substrate that is a lock forming a new molecule product 
C)  Any active site is permanently changed when it interacts with the substrate 
D)  As the substrate binds to the enzyme, the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction 
A)  The enzyme breaks down as product is released 
B)  The whole enzyme is a key that fits into the substrate that is a lock forming a new molecule product 
C)  Any active site is permanently changed when it interacts with the substrate 
D)  As the substrate binds to the enzyme, the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction

Question 8

Which process produces alcohol or lactate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Krebs cycle 
B)  Glycolysis 
C)  The electron transport system 
D)  Fermentation 
E)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  The Krebs cycle 
B)  Glycolysis 
C)  The electron transport system 
D)  Fermentation 
E)  Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 9

The first process in breaking down glucose is

Accepted Answer

A)  the Krebs cycle. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  the electron transport system. 
D)  fermentation. 
A)  the Krebs cycle. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  the electron transport system. 
D)  fermentation.

Question 10

How specific are enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many enzymes can "cross over" to catalyze reactions of different substrates in the same chemical family 
B)  There are 20 amino acids and therefore 20 enzymes that control all protein metabolic reactions 
C)  An enzyme catalyzes one reaction but it may produce one product one time, another product another time 
D)  An enzyme catalyzes one reaction and it produces a distinct product 
A)  Many enzymes can "cross over" to catalyze reactions of different substrates in the same chemical family 
B)  There are 20 amino acids and therefore 20 enzymes that control all protein metabolic reactions 
C)  An enzyme catalyzes one reaction but it may produce one product one time, another product another time 
D)  An enzyme catalyzes one reaction and it produces a distinct product

Question 11

Full oxidative breakdown of glucose results in a net of ______ ATP molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  16 
D)  36 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  16 
D)  36

Question 12

The first law of thermodynamics states that

Accepted Answer

A)  energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change into matter. 
B)  energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another. 
C)  energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. 
D)  energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another. 
A)  energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change into matter. 
B)  energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another. 
C)  energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. 
D)  energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another.

Question 13

Cellular ____________ refers to the collective total of chemical processes that occur within living cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy 
B)  thermodynamics 
C)  potential 
D)  metabolism 
A)  energy 
B)  thermodynamics 
C)  potential 
D)  metabolism

Question 14

Both NADH and FADH2 are produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  the Krebs cycle. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  the electron transport system. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
A)  the Krebs cycle. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  the electron transport system. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 15

Can virtually any organic compound be broken down (assuming it is non-toxic)?

Accepted Answer

Virtually any organic compound can indee

Question 16

Which organelle contains ATP synthetase complexes in its membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi complexes 
B)  Mitochondria 
C)  Vesicles 
D)  Endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  Golgi complexes 
B)  Mitochondria 
C)  Vesicles 
D)  Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Which pairs of processes are anaerobic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis and the electron transport system 
B)  Fermentation and the Krebs cycle 
C)  Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 
D)  Fermentation and glycolysis 
A)  Glycolysis and the electron transport system 
B)  Fermentation and the Krebs cycle 
C)  Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 
D)  Fermentation and glycolysis

Question 18

For some enzymes to function,small nonprotein groups called ________ must participate along with the enzyme molecule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For some enzymes to function,small nonprotein groups...

Question 19

If anaerobic glycolysis is only one-eighteenth as efficient as complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide,then why would an organism use such an inefficient pathway?

Accepted Answer

There are several reasons why an organis

Question 20

Outline a hypothetical scenario of the evolution of metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Hypothetically, the evolution of metabol

Exam 4: Cellular Metabolism

If there are ten different intermediate products produced in stages leading to a molecule in a cell,we can expect that there

Which is true of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

Stored energy that is not doing work but has the capacity to do work is called __________ ___________.

In high levels,alcohol is toxic.Why would an animal utilize fermentation if it were wasteful of the energy in food molecules and posed the threat of killing itself?

Discuss the recent research that claims that food intake,and therefore the amount of fat deposition,is creating a "set point" in specific parts of the brain.

What establishes an electrochemical gradient across a membrane to provide energy for ATP production?

How do an enzyme and its substrate fit together?

Which process produces alcohol or lactate?

The first process in breaking down glucose is

How specific are enzymes?

Full oxidative breakdown of glucose results in a net of ______ ATP molecules.

The first law of thermodynamics states that

Cellular ____________ refers to the collective total of chemical processes that occur within living cells.

Both NADH and FADH2 are produced by

Can virtually any organic compound be broken down (assuming it is non-toxic)?

Which organelle contains ATP synthetase complexes in its membrane?

Which pairs of processes are anaerobic?

For some enzymes to function,small nonprotein groups called ________ must participate along with the enzyme molecule.

If anaerobic glycolysis is only one-eighteenth as efficient as complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide,then why would an organism use such an inefficient pathway?

Outline a hypothetical scenario of the evolution of metabolism.

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

Filters

Stored energy that is not doing work but has the capacity to do work is called _.

Both NADH and FADH₂ are produced by