Question 1

A long-term depression (LTD) in a neuron is a decreased response at synapses that occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  axons fire rapidly. 
B)  axons fire slowly. 
C)  an excitatory synapse and an inhibitory synapse fire together. 
D)  an axon excites a synaptic receptor distant from its usual site. 
A)  axons fire rapidly. 
B)  axons fire slowly. 
C)  an excitatory synapse and an inhibitory synapse fire together. 
D)  an axon excites a synaptic receptor distant from its usual site. B

Question 2

Punishment makes it less likely for a behavior to occur again in the future.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Researchers have found that different species of birds differ in terms of how much they depend on food they have stored to get through the winter. What factor is related to depending on and finding stored food?

Accepted Answer

A)  overall brain size 
B)  relative size of the cortex 
C)  relative size of the amygdala 
D)  relative size of the hippocampus 
A)  overall brain size 
B)  relative size of the cortex 
C)  relative size of the amygdala 
D)  relative size of the hippocampus D

Question 4

Research with rats suggests that the risk for Alzheimer's disease can be reduced by eating a diet rich in:

Accepted Answer

A)  protein. 
B)  carbohydrates. 
C)  thiamine. 
D)  antioxidants. 
A)  protein. 
B)  carbohydrates. 
C)  thiamine. 
D)  antioxidants.

Question 5

Following a certain kind of experience in Aplysia, a facilitating interneuron causes changes that block the potassium channels at the end of the axon of the sensory neuron, leading to:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitization. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  both sensitization and habituation. 
D)  death of the individual sensory neuron. 
A)  sensitization. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  both sensitization and habituation. 
D)  death of the individual sensory neuron.

Question 6

If the lateral interpositus nucleus is temporarily suppressed during classical conditioning of the eyeblink response, what happens?

Accepted Answer

A)  After the nucleus recovers, the animal remembers the training fully. 
B)  Future conditioning occurs as if the animal had no previous training. 
C)  After the nucleus recovers, the animal learns more slowly than usual. 
D)  Future conditioning occurs rapidly, but the animal also forgets rapidly. 
A)  After the nucleus recovers, the animal remembers the training fully. 
B)  Future conditioning occurs as if the animal had no previous training. 
C)  After the nucleus recovers, the animal learns more slowly than usual. 
D)  Future conditioning occurs rapidly, but the animal also forgets rapidly.

Question 7

When glutamate massively stimulates AMPA receptors, the resulting depolarization:

Accepted Answer

A)  keeps glutamate from stimulating nearby NMDA receptors. 
B)  keeps calcium from entering the cell. 
C)  enables glutamate to stimulate nearby NMDA receptors. 
D)  inhibits the dendrite's responsiveness to glutamate. 
A)  keeps glutamate from stimulating nearby NMDA receptors. 
B)  keeps calcium from entering the cell. 
C)  enables glutamate to stimulate nearby NMDA receptors. 
D)  inhibits the dendrite's responsiveness to glutamate.

Question 8

What is a major advantage of Aplysia for studies on the physiology of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their memories are more permanent than those of vertebrates. 
B)  There are no differences between one neuron and another. 
C)  There is great similarity of nervous system anatomy from one individual to another. 
D)  They have only one type of learning. 
A)  Their memories are more permanent than those of vertebrates. 
B)  There are no differences between one neuron and another. 
C)  There is great similarity of nervous system anatomy from one individual to another. 
D)  They have only one type of learning.

Question 9

Most Korsakoff's victims have a loss or shrinkage of neurons throughout the brain, especially in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  cingulate gyrus. 
B)  occipital lobe. 
C)  dorsomedial thalamus. 
D)  cerebellum. 
A)  cingulate gyrus. 
B)  occipital lobe. 
C)  dorsomedial thalamus. 
D)  cerebellum.

Question 10

Alzheimer's leads to the accumulation of ____ in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  amyloid deposits 
C)  arachidonic acid 
D)  serotonin 
A)  glucose 
B)  amyloid deposits 
C)  arachidonic acid 
D)  serotonin

Question 11

Giving a dolphin a treat when it does a summersault would be considered a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  conditioned response. 
A)  reinforcement. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 12

In studies of eyelid conditioning in rabbits, Thompson and his colleagues have demonstrated that learning for this conditioned response takes place in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  red nucleus of the midbrain. 
B)  temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex. 
C)  lateral interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum. 
D)  ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. 
A)  red nucleus of the midbrain. 
B)  temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex. 
C)  lateral interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum. 
D)  ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Question 13

When Korsakoff's syndrome patients read over a list of words, what evidence of memory, if any, do they demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  None at all. 
B)  They remember the first word and the last word only. 
C)  They remember reading a list, although they cannot remember any of the words. 
D)  They say many of the correct words if they are given the first three letters. 
A)  None at all. 
B)  They remember the first word and the last word only. 
C)  They remember reading a list, although they cannot remember any of the words. 
D)  They say many of the correct words if they are given the first three letters.

Question 14

Describe the types of memory problems displayed by Patient H.M.

Accepted Answer

Patient H.M. displayed several types of

Question 15

Describe Lashley's concept of an Engram.

Accepted Answer

Lashley's concept of an engram refers to

Question 16

If some of the synapses onto a cell have been highly active and others have not, only the active ones become strengthened. This is known as the property of:

Accepted Answer

A)  specificity. 
B)  cooperativity. 
C)  associativity. 
D)  NMDA. 
A)  specificity. 
B)  cooperativity. 
C)  associativity. 
D)  NMDA.

Question 17

Anterograde amnesia is to ____ as retrograde amnesia is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  storing new memories; memories of the past 
B)  memories just prior to the damage; memories from childhood 
C)  short-term memory; long-term memory 
D)  emotional memories; non-emotional memories 
A)  storing new memories; memories of the past 
B)  memories just prior to the damage; memories from childhood 
C)  short-term memory; long-term memory 
D)  emotional memories; non-emotional memories

Question 18

Which of the following is hardest to classify as classical or operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  pressing a lever to get food 
B)  pressing a lever to escape shock 
C)  salivating after a sound previously paired with food 
D)  song learning by male birds 
A)  pressing a lever to get food 
B)  pressing a lever to escape shock 
C)  salivating after a sound previously paired with food 
D)  song learning by male birds

Question 19

Recent researchers have felt that Lashley's conclusions about the results of his search for the engram reflected some inappropriate assumptions. One of those assumptions was that:

Accepted Answer

A)  memory involves a physical change in the nervous system. 
B)  that all kinds of memory are physiologically the same. 
C)  more than one kind of memory exists. 
D)  different memories involve different sets of neurons. 
A)  memory involves a physical change in the nervous system. 
B)  that all kinds of memory are physiologically the same. 
C)  more than one kind of memory exists. 
D)  different memories involve different sets of neurons.

Question 20

Karl Lashley called the physical basis of learning a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  amyloid. 
B)  engram. 
C)  plaque. 
D)  synapse. 
A)  amyloid. 
B)  engram. 
C)  plaque. 
D)  synapse.

A long-term depression (LTD) in a neuron is a decreased response at synapses that occurs when:

Punishment makes it less likely for a behavior to occur again in the future.

Researchers have found that different species of birds differ in terms of how much they depend on food they have stored to get through the winter. What factor is related to depending on and finding stored food?

Research with rats suggests that the risk for Alzheimer's disease can be reduced by eating a diet rich in:

Following a certain kind of experience in Aplysia, a facilitating interneuron causes changes that block the potassium channels at the end of the axon of the sensory neuron, leading to:

If the lateral interpositus nucleus is temporarily suppressed during classical conditioning of the eyeblink response, what happens?

When glutamate massively stimulates AMPA receptors, the resulting depolarization:

What is a major advantage of Aplysia for studies on the physiology of learning?

Most Korsakoff's victims have a loss or shrinkage of neurons throughout the brain, especially in the:

Alzheimer's leads to the accumulation of ____ in the brain.

Giving a dolphin a treat when it does a summersault would be considered a(n):

In studies of eyelid conditioning in rabbits, Thompson and his colleagues have demonstrated that learning for this conditioned response takes place in the:

When Korsakoff's syndrome patients read over a list of words, what evidence of memory, if any, do they demonstrate?

Describe the types of memory problems displayed by Patient H.M.

Describe Lashley's concept of an Engram.

If some of the synapses onto a cell have been highly active and others have not, only the active ones become strengthened. This is known as the property of:

Anterograde amnesia is to as retrograde amnesia is to .

Which of the following is hardest to classify as classical or operant conditioning?

Recent researchers have felt that Lashley's conclusions about the results of his search for the engram reflected some inappropriate assumptions. One of those assumptions was that:

Karl Lashley called the physical basis of learning a(n):

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 13: The Biology of Learning and Memory

A long-term depression (LTD) in a neuron is a decreased response at synapses that occurs when:

Punishment makes it less likely for a behavior to occur again in the future.

Researchers have found that different species of birds differ in terms of how much they depend on food they have stored to get through the winter. What factor is related to depending on and finding stored food?

Research with rats suggests that the risk for Alzheimer's disease can be reduced by eating a diet rich in:

Following a certain kind of experience in Aplysia, a facilitating interneuron causes changes that block the potassium channels at the end of the axon of the sensory neuron, leading to:

If the lateral interpositus nucleus is temporarily suppressed during classical conditioning of the eyeblink response, what happens?

When glutamate massively stimulates AMPA receptors, the resulting depolarization:

What is a major advantage of Aplysia for studies on the physiology of learning?

Most Korsakoff's victims have a loss or shrinkage of neurons throughout the brain, especially in the:

Alzheimer's leads to the accumulation of ____ in the brain.

Giving a dolphin a treat when it does a summersault would be considered a(n):

In studies of eyelid conditioning in rabbits, Thompson and his colleagues have demonstrated that learning for this conditioned response takes place in the:

When Korsakoff's syndrome patients read over a list of words, what evidence of memory, if any, do they demonstrate?

Describe the types of memory problems displayed by Patient H.M.

Describe Lashley's concept of an Engram.

If some of the synapses onto a cell have been highly active and others have not, only the active ones become strengthened. This is known as the property of:

Anterograde amnesia is to ____ as retrograde amnesia is to ____.

Which of the following is hardest to classify as classical or operant conditioning?

Recent researchers have felt that Lashley's conclusions about the results of his search for the engram reflected some inappropriate assumptions. One of those assumptions was that:

Karl Lashley called the physical basis of learning a(n):

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Anterograde amnesia is to as retrograde amnesia is to .