Question 1

Which of the following would be the best treatment for helping someone who is suffering from a stroke caused by a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease activity of the sodium-potassium pump 
B)  warm the brain 
C)  administer tPA 
D)  enhance glutamate release 
A)  decrease activity of the sodium-potassium pump 
B)  warm the brain 
C)  administer tPA 
D)  enhance glutamate release C

Question 2

The stages of neurogenesis that occur for the longest duration are:

Accepted Answer

A)  myelination and synaptogenesis. 
B)  proliferation and myelination. 
C)  migration and proliferation. 
D)  differentiation and migration. 
A)  myelination and synaptogenesis. 
B)  proliferation and myelination. 
C)  migration and proliferation. 
D)  differentiation and migration. A

Question 3

Some neurons provide the myelination for other neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

In development, neurotrophins ____. During adulthood, they ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  preserve neurons; produce apoptosis 
B)  produce apoptosis; increase neuronal branching 
C)  facilitate differentiation; facilitate migration 
D)  preserve neurons; increase neuronal branching 
A)  preserve neurons; produce apoptosis 
B)  produce apoptosis; increase neuronal branching 
C)  facilitate differentiation; facilitate migration 
D)  preserve neurons; increase neuronal branching

Question 5

Alcohol suppresses the release of ____, the brain's main excitatory transmitter.

Accepted Answer

A)  5-HT 
B)  DA 
C)  GABA 
D)  glutamate 
A)  5-HT 
B)  DA 
C)  GABA 
D)  glutamate

Question 6

At later stages of the neuron's development, neurotrophins:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the branching of axons. 
B)  cause the neuron's death. 
C)  become converted into myelin. 
D)  connect the axon to axons of adjoining cells. 
A)  increase the branching of axons. 
B)  cause the neuron's death. 
C)  become converted into myelin. 
D)  connect the axon to axons of adjoining cells.

Question 7

Because spinal injury damages many axons, ____ develop increased sensitivity to the remaining ones.

Accepted Answer

A)  glia 
B)  collateral sprouts 
C)  postsynaptic neurons 
D)  phantom limbs 
A)  glia 
B)  collateral sprouts 
C)  postsynaptic neurons 
D)  phantom limbs

Question 8

An MEG study of professional musicians listening to pure tones showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  professional musicians had brain responses that were twice as strong as non-musicians. 
B)  professional musicians had slightly less brain responses as non-musicians. 
C)  professional musicians had drastically less brain responses as non-musicians. 
D)  professional musicians had brain responses five times as strong as non-musicians. 
A)  professional musicians had brain responses that were twice as strong as non-musicians. 
B)  professional musicians had slightly less brain responses as non-musicians. 
C)  professional musicians had drastically less brain responses as non-musicians. 
D)  professional musicians had brain responses five times as strong as non-musicians.

Question 9

Sensations from phantom limbs:

Accepted Answer

A)  come from the stump of the amputated limb. 
B)  are a result of brain reorganization. 
C)  do not have a neural basis. 
D)  can be diminished if more of the limb is removed surgically. 
A)  come from the stump of the amputated limb. 
B)  are a result of brain reorganization. 
C)  do not have a neural basis. 
D)  can be diminished if more of the limb is removed surgically.

Question 10

Researchers have tried using drugs that block apoptosis. Results have been:

Accepted Answer

A)  favorable in animals and human trials. 
B)  favorable in animal trials but too costly to try with humans. 
C)  favorable in animal trials but difficult or impractical to apply to humans. 
D)  unfavorable in all research trials. 
A)  favorable in animals and human trials. 
B)  favorable in animal trials but too costly to try with humans. 
C)  favorable in animal trials but difficult or impractical to apply to humans. 
D)  unfavorable in all research trials.

Question 11

Scar tissue and myelin are similar in that they both:

Accepted Answer

A)  secrete chemicals to restore axons. 
B)  are produced after brain damage. 
C)  are formed in normal development of the nervous system. 
D)  secrete chemicals that inhibit axon growth. 
A)  secrete chemicals to restore axons. 
B)  are produced after brain damage. 
C)  are formed in normal development of the nervous system. 
D)  secrete chemicals that inhibit axon growth.

Question 12

Children of mothers who use cocaine during pregnancy:

Accepted Answer

A)  have a slightly higher birth weight. 
B)  are likely to develop Turner's syndrome. 
C)  have a slightly lower IQ score. 
D)  are born with severe abnormalities resembling cerebral palsy. 
A)  have a slightly higher birth weight. 
B)  are likely to develop Turner's syndrome. 
C)  have a slightly lower IQ score. 
D)  are born with severe abnormalities resembling cerebral palsy.

Question 13

Proliferation occurs:

Accepted Answer

A)  at the top of the spinal column. 
B)  around the vesicles. 
C)  around the ventricles. 
D)  at the expanding edge of the brain. 
A)  at the top of the spinal column. 
B)  around the vesicles. 
C)  around the ventricles. 
D)  at the expanding edge of the brain.

Question 14

Certain axons innervating a given neuron are damaged. What compensatory change is likely to take place in that postsynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  collateral sprouting 
B)  removal of toxins 
C)  denervation supersensitivity 
D)  decrease in glucose utilization 
A)  collateral sprouting 
B)  removal of toxins 
C)  denervation supersensitivity 
D)  decrease in glucose utilization

Question 15

The human central nervous system:

Accepted Answer

A)  begins to form during the fetal stage. 
B)  is unlike all other vertebrate central nervous systems in its developmental process. 
C)  begins to form when the embryo is about two weeks old. 
D)  begins to form when the embryo is about two months old. 
A)  begins to form during the fetal stage. 
B)  is unlike all other vertebrate central nervous systems in its developmental process. 
C)  begins to form when the embryo is about two weeks old. 
D)  begins to form when the embryo is about two months old.

Question 16

Immunoglobulins and chemokines play an important role in neural:

Accepted Answer

A)  migration. 
B)  proliferation. 
C)  synaptogenesis. 
D)  apoptosis. 
A)  migration. 
B)  proliferation. 
C)  synaptogenesis. 
D)  apoptosis.

Question 17

Which statement most accurately describes embryonic development of the nervous system in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority of cells remain as primitive neurons until birth. 
B)  All synapses that are formed are permanent. 
C)  Neurons form before birth; synapses form after birth. 
D)  Far more neurons are produced than will ultimately survive. 
A)  The majority of cells remain as primitive neurons until birth. 
B)  All synapses that are formed are permanent. 
C)  Neurons form before birth; synapses form after birth. 
D)  Far more neurons are produced than will ultimately survive.

Question 18

A deafferented limb:

Accepted Answer

A)  has lost its sensory input. 
B)  has lost its motor control. 
C)  is an amputated limb. 
D)  is one which an organism uses spontaneously. 
A)  has lost its sensory input. 
B)  has lost its motor control. 
C)  is an amputated limb. 
D)  is one which an organism uses spontaneously.

Question 19

The brain requires millions of chemicals to correctly guide the growth of axons to their target locations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following, if any, would be more damaging to an adult brain than to the brain of an infant or fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exposure to alcohol 
B)  Infections like German measles 
C)  Iodine deficiency in the diet 
D)  All of these are more damaging to an infant brain. 
A)  Exposure to alcohol 
B)  Infections like German measles 
C)  Iodine deficiency in the diet 
D)  All of these are more damaging to an infant brain.

Which of the following would be the best treatment for helping someone who is suffering from a stroke caused by a blood clot?

The stages of neurogenesis that occur for the longest duration are:

Some neurons provide the myelination for other neurons.

In development, neurotrophins __. During adulthood, they _.

Alcohol suppresses the release of ____, the brain's main excitatory transmitter.

At later stages of the neuron's development, neurotrophins:

Because spinal injury damages many axons, ____ develop increased sensitivity to the remaining ones.

An MEG study of professional musicians listening to pure tones showed that:

Sensations from phantom limbs:

Researchers have tried using drugs that block apoptosis. Results have been:

Scar tissue and myelin are similar in that they both:

Children of mothers who use cocaine during pregnancy:

Proliferation occurs:

Certain axons innervating a given neuron are damaged. What compensatory change is likely to take place in that postsynaptic cell?

The human central nervous system:

Immunoglobulins and chemokines play an important role in neural:

Which statement most accurately describes embryonic development of the nervous system in humans?

A deafferented limb:

The brain requires millions of chemicals to correctly guide the growth of axons to their target locations.

Which of the following, if any, would be more damaging to an adult brain than to the brain of an infant or fetus?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 5: Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Which of the following would be the best treatment for helping someone who is suffering from a stroke caused by a blood clot?

The stages of neurogenesis that occur for the longest duration are:

Some neurons provide the myelination for other neurons.

In development, neurotrophins ____. During adulthood, they ___.

Alcohol suppresses the release of ____, the brain's main excitatory transmitter.

At later stages of the neuron's development, neurotrophins:

Because spinal injury damages many axons, ____ develop increased sensitivity to the remaining ones.

An MEG study of professional musicians listening to pure tones showed that:

Sensations from phantom limbs:

Researchers have tried using drugs that block apoptosis. Results have been:

Scar tissue and myelin are similar in that they both:

Children of mothers who use cocaine during pregnancy:

Proliferation occurs:

Certain axons innervating a given neuron are damaged. What compensatory change is likely to take place in that postsynaptic cell?

The human central nervous system:

Immunoglobulins and chemokines play an important role in neural:

Which statement most accurately describes embryonic development of the nervous system in humans?

A deafferented limb:

The brain requires millions of chemicals to correctly guide the growth of axons to their target locations.

Which of the following, if any, would be more damaging to an adult brain than to the brain of an infant or fetus?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

In development, neurotrophins __. During adulthood, they _.