Question 1

Gamma is a symmetrical measure of association.This means that

Accepted Answer

A) values of gamma cluster around the center of the range of scores. 
B) gamma is just as likely to be negative as positive. 
C) gamma cannot exceed the value of the highest score. 
D) the value of gamma will be the same regardless of which variable is assumed to be independent. 
A) values of gamma cluster around the center of the range of scores. 
B) gamma is just as likely to be negative as positive. 
C) gamma cannot exceed the value of the highest score. 
D) the value of gamma will be the same regardless of which variable is assumed to be independent. D

Question 2

The lowest possible value (indicating the weakest possible relationship)for gamma is

Accepted Answer

A) -1.00. 
B) -10.00. 
C) 0.05. 
D) 0 
A) -1.00. 
B) -10.00. 
C) 0.05. 
D) 0 D

Question 3

Although the relationships were weak,the research reported in the text showed that people who were more involved socially tended to be

Accepted Answer

A) part-time workers and single. 
B) unmarried,full time workers,people who watch relatively little TV. 
C) unmarried,part-time workers,heavy TV viewers. 
D) unmarried women with high levels of education. 
A) part-time workers and single. 
B) unmarried,full time workers,people who watch relatively little TV. 
C) unmarried,part-time workers,heavy TV viewers. 
D) unmarried women with high levels of education. B

Question 4

Is there an association between support for the legalization of marijuana and age? Calculate percentages and gamma for the table below and write a sentence or two assessing the strength and direction of the relationship.
 $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline &\text { AGE } & & \
\hline &\text { Younger than } 35 & 35-50 & \text { Older than } 50 & \text { Totals } \
\hline  \text { SUPPORT: }\
\hline \text { In favor } & 36 & 23 & 17 & 76  \
\hline \text { Neutral } & 20 & 17 & 16 & 53  \
\hline \text { Opposed } & 10 & 18 & 36 & 64  \
\hline \text { Totals } & 66 & 58 & 69 & 193  \
\hline
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is there an association between support for...

Question 5

In the logic of gamma,pairs of cases in the same row or column are

Accepted Answer

A) tied on both X and Y. 
B) always have different scores. 
C) are tied on at least one of the variables. 
D) subtracted from the value of gamma. 
A) tied on both X and Y. 
B) always have different scores. 
C) are tied on at least one of the variables. 
D) subtracted from the value of gamma.

Question 6

According to research presented in the text,a gamma measuring the relationship between TV viewing and involvement was -0.11.This means that

Accepted Answer

A) heavy TV viewers are less likely to volunteer. 
B) there is no relationship between these variables. 
C) there is a very strong relationship between these variables. 
D) heavy TV viewers are more involveD. 
A) heavy TV viewers are less likely to volunteer. 
B) there is no relationship between these variables. 
C) there is a very strong relationship between these variables. 
D) heavy TV viewers are more involveD.

Question 7

According to the information reported in the text,the relationship between level of involvement in social life and amount of TV watching was

Accepted Answer

A) negative but statistically significant. 
B) statistically significant,strong,and positive. 
C) weak,negative,and statistically significant. 
D) moderate,positive,but not significant. 
A) negative but statistically significant. 
B) statistically significant,strong,and positive. 
C) weak,negative,and statistically significant. 
D) moderate,positive,but not significant.

Question 8

In the case of gamma,a positive relationship means that

Accepted Answer

A) if case A ranks below case B on one variable,case A will rank below case B on the other variable. 
B) if case A ranks above case B on one variable,it will rank below case B on the other variable. 
C) if case A ranks below case B on one variable,it will rank above case B on the other variable. 
D) the ranking of cases will be unrelateD. 
A) if case A ranks below case B on one variable,case A will rank below case B on the other variable. 
B) if case A ranks above case B on one variable,it will rank below case B on the other variable. 
C) if case A ranks below case B on one variable,it will rank above case B on the other variable. 
D) the ranking of cases will be unrelateD.

Question 9

If we cannot reduce our errors of prediction for the order of pairs of cases on one variable by predicting from the order of pairs of cases on the other variable,

Accepted Answer

A) gamma will be zero. 
B) the association is moderate in strength. 
C) the relationship is positive. 
D) the relationship is negative. 
A) gamma will be zero. 
B) the association is moderate in strength. 
C) the relationship is positive. 
D) the relationship is negative.

Question 10

Gamma ranges from

Accepted Answer

A) 0 to 1. 
B) 1 to 100. 
C) 0 to -1. 
D) -1 to +1. 
A) 0 to 1. 
B) 1 to 100. 
C) 0 to -1. 
D) -1 to +1.

Question 11

Like lambda and gamma,Spearmans' rho can be interpreted by the logic of

Accepted Answer

A) proportional reduction in error. 
B) hypothesis sorting. 
C) critical ranking analysis. 
D) semi-proportionate elliptical probing. 
A) proportional reduction in error. 
B) hypothesis sorting. 
C) critical ranking analysis. 
D) semi-proportionate elliptical probing.

Question 12

To establish the critical area under the sampling distribution for gamma,we use

Accepted Answer

A) the Z distribution. 
B) the t distribution. 
C) the chi square distribution. 
D) the gamma distribution. 
A) the Z distribution. 
B) the t distribution. 
C) the chi square distribution. 
D) the gamma distribution.

Question 13

Scales have been administered to eleven individuals measuring their job satisfaction and the prestige of their occupations.Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction and more prestige.Calculate Spearman's rho and write a sentence or two analyzing the strength and direction of the relationship.
 $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline \text { CASE }& \text { Prestige } & \text { Satisfaction } \
\hline \mathrm{A} & 56 & 17 \
\hline \mathrm{B} &  53 & 15 \
\hline \mathrm{C} & 78 & 25 \
\hline \mathrm{D} & 77 & 20 \
\hline \mathrm{E} & 23 & 10 \
\hline \mathrm{F} & 29 & 12 \
\hline \mathrm{G} & 44 & 16 \
\hline \mathrm{H} & 57 & 20 \
\hline I& 80 & 22 \
\hline J& 33 & 21 \
\hline K& 39 & 24 \

\hline
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

Spearman's

Question 14

Which measure of association is based on predicting the order of pairs of cases?

Accepted Answer

A) gamma 
B) Cramer's V 
C) phi 
D) lambda 
A) gamma 
B) Cramer's V 
C) phi 
D) lambda

Question 15

Ordinal level scales measuring religiosity and personal happiness range from 0 to 100.Which measure of association would be most appropriate to assess the relationship between these two variables?

Accepted Answer

A) chi square 
B) phi 
C) gamma 
D) Spearman's rho 
A) chi square 
B) phi 
C) gamma 
D) Spearman's rho

Question 16

Many studies have explored the relationship between smoking and health problems.If one of these studies found a Spearman's rho of +0.78 between amount of smoking and seriousness of health problems,this would indicate

Accepted Answer

A) that smoking causes health problems. 
B) a positive,causal relationship between these variables. 
C) a positive,strong relationship between these variables. 
D) a positive,statistically significant relationship between these variables. 
A) that smoking causes health problems. 
B) a positive,causal relationship between these variables. 
C) a positive,strong relationship between these variables. 
D) a positive,statistically significant relationship between these variables.

Question 17

Gamma will be zero if

Accepted Answer

A) the variables are strongly related. 
B) the relationship is negative. 
C) knowledge of the independent variable does not improve our ability to predict the dependent variable. 
D) the scores of each case are symmetrical to the scores of all other cases. 
A) the variables are strongly related. 
B) the relationship is negative. 
C) knowledge of the independent variable does not improve our ability to predict the dependent variable. 
D) the scores of each case are symmetrical to the scores of all other cases.

Question 18

Gamma provides a summary measure of the

Accepted Answer

A) existence of a bivariate relationship. 
B) strength of a relationship. 
C) direction of a relationship. 
D) all of the above 
A) existence of a bivariate relationship. 
B) strength of a relationship. 
C) direction of a relationship. 
D) all of the above

Question 19

The square of Spearman's rho is the proportional reduction in error when predicting

Accepted Answer

A) rank on one variable from rank on the other variable compared to predicting rank while ignoring the other variable. 
B) the rank of a case from its score. 
C) rank on gamma vs.rank on phi. 
D) score on X while ignoring Y. 
A) rank on one variable from rank on the other variable compared to predicting rank while ignoring the other variable. 
B) the rank of a case from its score. 
C) rank on gamma vs.rank on phi. 
D) score on X while ignoring Y.

Question 20

To compute Spearman's rho,we

Accepted Answer

A) rank the scores from each variable from high to low. 
B) take the difference between each score and the mean. 
C) estimate the mean rank squared. 
D) ignore all tied scores. 
A) rank the scores from each variable from high to low. 
B) take the difference between each score and the mean. 
C) estimate the mean rank squared. 
D) ignore all tied scores.

Gamma is a symmetrical measure of association.This means that

The lowest possible value (indicating the weakest possible relationship)for gamma is

Although the relationships were weak,the research reported in the text showed that people who were more involved socially tended to be

In the logic of gamma,pairs of cases in the same row or column are

According to research presented in the text,a gamma measuring the relationship between TV viewing and involvement was -0.11.This means that

According to the information reported in the text,the relationship between level of involvement in social life and amount of TV watching was

In the case of gamma,a positive relationship means that

If we cannot reduce our errors of prediction for the order of pairs of cases on one variable by predicting from the order of pairs of cases on the other variable,

Gamma ranges from

Like lambda and gamma,Spearmans' rho can be interpreted by the logic of

To establish the critical area under the sampling distribution for gamma,we use

Which measure of association is based on predicting the order of pairs of cases?

Ordinal level scales measuring religiosity and personal happiness range from 0 to 100.Which measure of association would be most appropriate to assess the relationship between these two variables?

Many studies have explored the relationship between smoking and health problems.If one of these studies found a Spearman's rho of +0.78 between amount of smoking and seriousness of health problems,this would indicate

Gamma will be zero if

Gamma provides a summary measure of the

The square of Spearman's rho is the proportional reduction in error when predicting

To compute Spearman's rho,we

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics: Percentages, Ratios and Rates, Tables, Charts and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction to Inferential Statistics: Sampling and the Sampling Distribution

Estimation Procedures

Hypothesis Testing I: the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II: the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv: Chi Square

Bivariate Association: Introduction and Basic Concepts

Association Between Variables Measured at the Nominal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Elaborating Bivariate Tables

Partial Correlation and Multiple Regression and Correlation

Filters

Exam 14: Association Between Variables Measured at the Ordinal Level

Gamma is a symmetrical measure of association.This means that

The lowest possible value (indicating the weakest possible relationship)for gamma is

Although the relationships were weak,the research reported in the text showed that people who were more involved socially tended to be

In the logic of gamma,pairs of cases in the same row or column are

According to research presented in the text,a gamma measuring the relationship between TV viewing and involvement was -0.11.This means that

According to the information reported in the text,the relationship between level of involvement in social life and amount of TV watching was

In the case of gamma,a positive relationship means that

If we cannot reduce our errors of prediction for the order of pairs of cases on one variable by predicting from the order of pairs of cases on the other variable,

Gamma ranges from

Like lambda and gamma,Spearmans' rho can be interpreted by the logic of

To establish the critical area under the sampling distribution for gamma,we use

Which measure of association is based on predicting the order of pairs of cases?

Ordinal level scales measuring religiosity and personal happiness range from 0 to 100.Which measure of association would be most appropriate to assess the relationship between these two variables?

Many studies have explored the relationship between smoking and health problems.If one of these studies found a Spearman's rho of +0.78 between amount of smoking and seriousness of health problems,this would indicate

Gamma will be zero if

Gamma provides a summary measure of the

The square of Spearman's rho is the proportional reduction in error when predicting

To compute Spearman's rho,we

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics: Percentages, Ratios and Rates, Tables, Charts and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction to Inferential Statistics: Sampling and the Sampling Distribution

Estimation Procedures

Hypothesis Testing I: the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II: the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv: Chi Square

Bivariate Association: Introduction and Basic Concepts

Association Between Variables Measured at the Nominal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Elaborating Bivariate Tables

Partial Correlation and Multiple Regression and Correlation

Filters