Question 1

Spencer believed that if the principle of evolution was allowed to operate freely:

Accepted Answer

A) the world would be a jungle 
B) humans would become more animalistic 
C) animals would have become more like humans 
D) all living organisms and societies would approximate perfection 
A) the world would be a jungle 
B) humans would become more animalistic 
C) animals would have become more like humans 
D) all living organisms and societies would approximate perfection

Question 2

The sociobiologists depend heavily on the concept of ____ in their explanation of human social behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) fitness 
B) inclusive fitness 
C) eugenics 
D) innate aggression 
A) fitness 
B) inclusive fitness 
C) eugenics 
D) innate aggression

Question 3

Who coined the term "survival of the fittest"?

Accepted Answer

A) Lamarck 
B) Erasmus Darwin 
C) Spencer 
D) Charles Darwin 
A) Lamarck 
B) Erasmus Darwin 
C) Spencer 
D) Charles Darwin

Question 4

Among Darwin's publications,the book most directly related to psychology was The Expressions of Emotions in Man and Animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Plato and Aristotle did not believe in evolution for different reasons;Aristotle believed that:

Accepted Answer

A) the number of pure forms was fixed 
B) God created a fixed number of species and the number could be changed only by God,not nature 
C) the number of species was fixed;transmutation from one species to another was impossible 
D) all species are examples of the gods 
A) the number of pure forms was fixed 
B) God created a fixed number of species and the number could be changed only by God,not nature 
C) the number of species was fixed;transmutation from one species to another was impossible 
D) all species are examples of the gods

Question 6

Spencer's application of the notion of the survival of the fittest to the study of human societal behavior was called:

Accepted Answer

A) premature 
B) social Darwinism 
C) Lamarckianism 
D) the Spencer-Bain principle 
A) premature 
B) social Darwinism 
C) Lamarckianism 
D) the Spencer-Bain principle

Question 7

The Spencer-Bain principle became the cornerstone of Thorndike's connectionism and Skinner's operant behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Who formulated a theory of evolution similar to Darwin's at about the same time that Darwin formulated his own theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Lamarck 
B) Spencer 
C) Malthus 
D) Wallace 
A) Lamarck 
B) Spencer 
C) Malthus 
D) Wallace

Question 9

Which of the following did Galton not measure at his "anthropometric laboratory"?

Accepted Answer

A) head size 
B) strength of hand squeeze 
C) verbal skills 
D) breathing capacity 
A) head size 
B) strength of hand squeeze 
C) verbal skills 
D) breathing capacity

Question 10

Briefly discuss Galton's work on the measurement of intelligence in humans including the nature-nurture controversy.

Accepted Answer

Galton assumed that intelligence is a ma

Question 11

____ are conducive to survival in a given environment,whatever they may be.

Accepted Answer

A) The fittest 
B) Naturally selected genes 
C) Adaptive features 
D) Struggles to survive 
A) The fittest 
B) Naturally selected genes 
C) Adaptive features 
D) Struggles to survive

Question 12

Galton was against the practice of eugenics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Goddard,along with several leading scientists of the day,believed that feeble-minded individuals should:

Accepted Answer

A) be given the same rights as any other citizen 
B) not be allowed to hold even menial jobs 
C) not be allowed to reproduce 
D) be identified and placed in special education programs 
A) be given the same rights as any other citizen 
B) not be allowed to hold even menial jobs 
C) not be allowed to reproduce 
D) be identified and placed in special education programs

Question 14

The shifting of the focus of evolutionary theory from survival and reproductive success of the individual to the perpetuation of one's genes resulted in the study of sociobiology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Terman believed that those with low intelligence:

Accepted Answer

A) could not be moral people 
B) should have help from the government 
C) should receive special help in school 
D) did not need any special help because intelligence is not that important 
A) could not be moral people 
B) should have help from the government 
C) should receive special help in school 
D) did not need any special help because intelligence is not that important

Question 16

Which of the following was true of Spearman?

Accepted Answer

A) he claimed that intelligence consisted of specific factors (s)such as mathematical and language ability 
B) he claimed that intelligence could be described in terms of a general intellectual factor (g) 
C) he laid the groundwork for the statistical technique of factor analysis 
D) all of these choices 
A) he claimed that intelligence consisted of specific factors (s)such as mathematical and language ability 
B) he claimed that intelligence could be described in terms of a general intellectual factor (g) 
C) he laid the groundwork for the statistical technique of factor analysis 
D) all of these choices

Question 17

Mental orthopedics consisted of exercises to improve a child's reading and logical thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Correlational analysis of the relationship between Cattel's mental tests and various tests and measures of academic performance found little correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Binet conducted his first studies of intelligence on:

Accepted Answer

A) identical twins 
B) normal children 
C) mentally retarded children 
D) his daughters 
A) identical twins 
B) normal children 
C) mentally retarded children 
D) his daughters

Question 20

After collecting questionnaire data from 200 fellow scientists,Galton stated that the potential for high intelligence was inherited but that it must be nurtured by a proper environment,thus beginning:

Accepted Answer

A) the nature-nurture controversy 
B) the eugenics movement 
C) a movement by the government to subsidize marriages of the intelligent 
D) a series of identical twin studies 
A) the nature-nurture controversy 
B) the eugenics movement 
C) a movement by the government to subsidize marriages of the intelligent 
D) a series of identical twin studies

Exam 10: The Darwinian Influence

Spencer believed that if the principle of evolution was allowed to operate freely:

The sociobiologists depend heavily on the concept of ____ in their explanation of human social behavior.

Who coined the term "survival of the fittest"?

Among Darwin's publications,the book most directly related to psychology was The Expressions of Emotions in Man and Animals.

Plato and Aristotle did not believe in evolution for different reasons;Aristotle believed that:

Spencer's application of the notion of the survival of the fittest to the study of human societal behavior was called:

The Spencer-Bain principle became the cornerstone of Thorndike's connectionism and Skinner's operant behavior.

Who formulated a theory of evolution similar to Darwin's at about the same time that Darwin formulated his own theory?

Which of the following did Galton not measure at his "anthropometric laboratory"?

Briefly discuss Galton's work on the measurement of intelligence in humans including the nature-nurture controversy.

____ are conducive to survival in a given environment,whatever they may be.

Galton was against the practice of eugenics.

Goddard,along with several leading scientists of the day,believed that feeble-minded individuals should:

The shifting of the focus of evolutionary theory from survival and reproductive success of the individual to the perpetuation of one's genes resulted in the study of sociobiology.

Terman believed that those with low intelligence:

Which of the following was true of Spearman?

Mental orthopedics consisted of exercises to improve a child's reading and logical thinking.

Correlational analysis of the relationship between Cattel's mental tests and various tests and measures of academic performance found little correlation.

Binet conducted his first studies of intelligence on:

After collecting questionnaire data from 200 fellow scientists,Galton stated that the potential for high intelligence was inherited but that it must be nurtured by a proper environment,thus beginning:

Introduction

The Early Greek Philosophers

After Aristotle: A Search for the Good Life

The Beginnings of Modern Science and Philosophy

Empiricism,Sensationalism,and Positivism

Rationalism

Romanticism and Existentialism

Early Developments in Physiology and the Rise of Experimental Psychology

Voluntarism,Structuralism,and Other Early Approaches to Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

Neobehaviorism

Gesalt Psychology

Early Diagnosis, Explanation, and Treatment of Mental Illness

Psychoanalysis

Early Alternatives to Psychoanalysis

Humanistic Third-Forcepsychology

Psychobiology

Cognitive Psychology

Contemporary Psychology

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