Question 1

Fechner called the lowest intensity at which a stimulus could be detected the:

Accepted Answer

A) differential threshold 
B) absolute threshold 
C) just noticeable difference 
D) petites perceptions 
A) differential threshold 
B) absolute threshold 
C) just noticeable difference 
D) petites perceptions B

Question 2

Kant's nativism stressed mental categories,whereas Müller stressed:

Accepted Answer

A) consciousness 
B) physiological mechanisms 
C) psychophysics 
D) adequate stimulation 
A) consciousness 
B) physiological mechanisms 
C) psychophysics 
D) adequate stimulation B

Question 3

The ____ maintained that life could not be explained by the interactions of physical and chemical properties alone.

Accepted Answer

A) materialists 
B) vitalists 
C) physiologists 
D) antivitalists 
A) materialists 
B) vitalists 
C) physiologists 
D) antivitalists B

Question 4

Helmholtz and many of his colleagues believed all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) the same laws apply to living and nonliving things 
B) nothing needed to be excluded from scientific analysis 
C) as useful as science was,it could never investigate life itself 
D) without innate ideas our knowledge of the physical world would be incomplete or distorted 
A) the same laws apply to living and nonliving things 
B) nothing needed to be excluded from scientific analysis 
C) as useful as science was,it could never investigate life itself 
D) without innate ideas our knowledge of the physical world would be incomplete or distorted

Question 5

Fechner stated that for subjective sensation to change arithmetically the magnitude of the physical stimulus must change geometrically.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

According to Ladd-Franklin,which of the following sequences accurately describes the evolution of vision?

Accepted Answer

A) red-green sensitivity ® blue-yellow sensitivity ® achromatic vision 
B) achromatic vision ® red-green sensitivity ® blue-yellow sensitivity 
C) blue-yellow sensitivity ® achromatic vision ® red-green sensitivity 
D) achromatic vision ® blue-yellow sensitivity ® red-green sensitivity 
A) red-green sensitivity ® blue-yellow sensitivity ® achromatic vision 
B) achromatic vision ® red-green sensitivity ® blue-yellow sensitivity 
C) blue-yellow sensitivity ® achromatic vision ® red-green sensitivity 
D) achromatic vision ® blue-yellow sensitivity ® red-green sensitivity

Question 7

Helmholtz thought that past experience is what converts sensation into perception.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

During his work on kinesthesis,Weber made the startling observation that the just noticeable difference is a constant fraction of the standard weight.For lifted weights,that fraction is:

Accepted Answer

A) 1/20 
B) 1/30 
C) 1/35 
D) 1/40 
A) 1/20 
B) 1/30 
C) 1/35 
D) 1/40

Question 9

Weber was interested in the sense of touch and muscle sense called kinesthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Müller believed that,with his doctrine of specific nerve energies,he had discovered the:

Accepted Answer

A) solution to the mind-body problem 
B) seat of consciousness 
C) physiological equivalent of Kant's categories of thought 
D) vibrations that Hartley and Newton had postulated in their analysis of nerve conduction 
A) solution to the mind-body problem 
B) seat of consciousness 
C) physiological equivalent of Kant's categories of thought 
D) vibrations that Hartley and Newton had postulated in their analysis of nerve conduction

Question 11

Determining a person's character by analyzing his or her facial features,bodily structure,posture,and movement,was called:

Accepted Answer

A) physiognomy 
B) the theory of signs 
C) unconscious inference 
D) vitalism 
A) physiognomy 
B) the theory of signs 
C) unconscious inference 
D) vitalism

Question 12

Bell's research indicated a separation of sensory and motor functions in the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Describe the findings of the early electrical stimulation research of Fritsch,Hitzig,and Ferrier,and the implications.

Accepted Answer

Fritsch and Hitzig discovered that the c

Question 14

The part of the cortex known as Broca's area is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) speech comprehension 
B) visual analysis 
C) speech articulation 
D) motor movement differentiation 
A) speech comprehension 
B) visual analysis 
C) speech articulation 
D) motor movement differentiation

Question 15

What did Flourens' brain research reveal that was incompatible with phrenology?

Accepted Answer

A) there were many localized cortical functions 
B) there was some localization in the subcortical areas of the brain 
C) the cortical area of the brain functioned as a whole 
D) there were vast individual differences among human brains 
A) there were many localized cortical functions 
B) there was some localization in the subcortical areas of the brain 
C) the cortical area of the brain functioned as a whole 
D) there were vast individual differences among human brains

Question 16

The most significant implication of the doctrine of specific energies was that the nature of the physical stimulus determines the sensation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Müller believed that:

Accepted Answer

A) the physical world was as we perceived it to be 
B) our knowledge of the physical world was limited by the type of sensory receptors we possess 
C) we could assume that our sense impressions accurately reflect physical reality because God would not deceive us 
D) our view of physical reality would be the same if we had only one sensory system instead of five 
A) the physical world was as we perceived it to be 
B) our knowledge of the physical world was limited by the type of sensory receptors we possess 
C) we could assume that our sense impressions accurately reflect physical reality because God would not deceive us 
D) our view of physical reality would be the same if we had only one sensory system instead of five

Question 18

Helmholtz's theory of auditory perception only involved vibrations in the middle ear.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Using the method of ____,the subject is instructed to adjust a variable stimulus so that its magnitude appears to equal that of a standard stimulus.After this,the average difference between the variable stimuli and the standard is determined.

Accepted Answer

A) adjustment 
B) limits 
C) constant fixation 
D) stimulus fixation 
A) adjustment 
B) limits 
C) constant fixation 
D) stimulus fixation

Question 20

One important discovery of Fritsch and Hitzig was:

Accepted Answer

A) they found that when a certain area of the cortex was stimulated,muscular movements were elicited from the opposite side of the body 
B) they used electrical stimulation to produce a more articulated map of the motor cortex 
C) they mapped cortical regions to the senses 
D) they performed autopsies on humans to determine the cause of a behavioral deficit 
A) they found that when a certain area of the cortex was stimulated,muscular movements were elicited from the opposite side of the body 
B) they used electrical stimulation to produce a more articulated map of the motor cortex 
C) they mapped cortical regions to the senses 
D) they performed autopsies on humans to determine the cause of a behavioral deficit

Exam 8: Early Developments in Physiology and the Rise of Experimental Psychology

Fechner called the lowest intensity at which a stimulus could be detected the:

Kant's nativism stressed mental categories,whereas Müller stressed:

The ____ maintained that life could not be explained by the interactions of physical and chemical properties alone.

Helmholtz and many of his colleagues believed all of the following except:

Fechner stated that for subjective sensation to change arithmetically the magnitude of the physical stimulus must change geometrically.

According to Ladd-Franklin,which of the following sequences accurately describes the evolution of vision?

Helmholtz thought that past experience is what converts sensation into perception.

During his work on kinesthesis,Weber made the startling observation that the just noticeable difference is a constant fraction of the standard weight.For lifted weights,that fraction is:

Weber was interested in the sense of touch and muscle sense called kinesthesis.

Müller believed that,with his doctrine of specific nerve energies,he had discovered the:

Determining a person's character by analyzing his or her facial features,bodily structure,posture,and movement,was called:

Bell's research indicated a separation of sensory and motor functions in the nervous system.

Describe the findings of the early electrical stimulation research of Fritsch,Hitzig,and Ferrier,and the implications.

The part of the cortex known as Broca's area is associated with:

What did Flourens' brain research reveal that was incompatible with phrenology?

The most significant implication of the doctrine of specific energies was that the nature of the physical stimulus determines the sensation.

Müller believed that:

Helmholtz's theory of auditory perception only involved vibrations in the middle ear.

Using the method of ____,the subject is instructed to adjust a variable stimulus so that its magnitude appears to equal that of a standard stimulus.After this,the average difference between the variable stimuli and the standard is determined.

One important discovery of Fritsch and Hitzig was:

Introduction

The Early Greek Philosophers

After Aristotle: A Search for the Good Life

The Beginnings of Modern Science and Philosophy

Empiricism,Sensationalism,and Positivism

Rationalism

Romanticism and Existentialism

Voluntarism,Structuralism,and Other Early Approaches to Psychology

The Darwinian Influence

Functionalism

Behaviorism

Neobehaviorism

Gesalt Psychology

Early Diagnosis, Explanation, and Treatment of Mental Illness

Psychoanalysis

Early Alternatives to Psychoanalysis

Humanistic Third-Forcepsychology

Psychobiology

Cognitive Psychology

Contemporary Psychology

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