Question 1

Each turn of the Krebs cycle produces

Accepted Answer

A) 2 NADH,2 FADH2,2 ATP. 
B) 3 NADH,1 FADH2,1 ATP. 
C) 1 NADH,3 FADH2,2 ATP. 
D) 3 NADH,2 FADH2,1 ATP. 
A) 2 NADH,2 FADH2,2 ATP. 
B) 3 NADH,1 FADH2,1 ATP. 
C) 1 NADH,3 FADH2,2 ATP. 
D) 3 NADH,2 FADH2,1 ATP. B

Question 2

Research on lipid metabolism has resulted in pharmaceutical drugs that could help fight the obesity epidemic.Explain how these drugs might help someone lose weight.

Accepted Answer

Research on lipid metabolism has led to the development of pharmaceutical drugs that can help fight the obesity epidemic by targeting various aspects of lipid metabolism. These drugs work by either reducing the absorption of dietary fats in the intestines, decreasing the production of fats in the body, or increasing the breakdown of fats stored in adipose tissue.

For example, drugs such as orlistat work by inhibiting the action of lipase, an enzyme that breaks down dietary fats in the intestines, leading to reduced absorption of fats and ultimately resulting in weight loss. Other drugs, such as lorcaserin, work by activating specific receptors in the brain that help control appetite and food intake, leading to reduced calorie consumption and weight loss.

Additionally, pharmaceutical drugs that target lipid metabolism can also help improve insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation, both of which are important factors in obesity and metabolic syndrome. By addressing these underlying metabolic issues, these drugs can help individuals lose weight and improve their overall health.

It's important to note that these drugs are typically prescribed as part of a comprehensive weight loss program that includes diet, exercise, and behavioral modifications. They are not a magic solution for weight loss, but when used in conjunction with lifestyle changes, they can be a valuable tool in the fight against obesity. As with any medication, it's important for individuals to consult with a healthcare professional to determine if these drugs are appropriate for their specific needs and to monitor for any potential side effects.

Question 3

The subunits from which ATP is made are

Accepted Answer

A) ADP and inorganic phosphate. 
B) FAD and NAD+. 
C) FAD and NADPH. 
D) ADP and FAD. 
A) ADP and inorganic phosphate. 
B) FAD and NAD+. 
C) FAD and NADPH. 
D) ADP and FAD. A

Question 4

The first law of thermodynamics states that

Accepted Answer

A) energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change into matter. 
B) energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change from one energy form to another. 
C) energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. 
D) energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another. 
A) energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change into matter. 
B) energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change from one energy form to another. 
C) energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. 
D) energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another.

Question 5

Exergonic reactions

Accepted Answer

A) are always coupling reactions. 
B) can occur spontaneously. 
C) can only occur if there is an input of energy. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) are always coupling reactions. 
B) can occur spontaneously. 
C) can only occur if there is an input of energy. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Because there is a constant need for amino acids to synthesize proteins,it is important to maintain ________ in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the Krebs cycle;mitochondria 
B) glycolysis;cytoplasm 
C) the electron transport system;mitochondria 
D) an amino acid pool;blood 
A) the Krebs cycle;mitochondria 
B) glycolysis;cytoplasm 
C) the electron transport system;mitochondria 
D) an amino acid pool;blood

Question 7

Both NADH and FADH2 are produced by

Accepted Answer

A) the Krebs cycle. 
B) glycolysis. 
C) the electron transport system. 
D) oxidative phosphorylation. 
A) the Krebs cycle. 
B) glycolysis. 
C) the electron transport system. 
D) oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 8

Which of the following is a coenzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) Maltase 
C) FAD 
D) Phosphoanhydride 
A) ATP 
B) Maltase 
C) FAD 
D) Phosphoanhydride

Question 9

Stored energy that is not doing work but has the capacity to do work is called __________ ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stored energy that is not doing work...

Question 10

Endergonic reactions

Accepted Answer

A) are always coupling reactions. 
B) occur spontaneously. 
C) can only occur if there is an input of energy. 
D) are associated with the release of energy. 
A) are always coupling reactions. 
B) occur spontaneously. 
C) can only occur if there is an input of energy. 
D) are associated with the release of energy.

Question 11

Cellular ____________ refers to the collective total of chemical processes that occur within living cells.

Accepted Answer

A) energy 
B) thermodynamics 
C) potential 
D) metabolism 
A) energy 
B) thermodynamics 
C) potential 
D) metabolism

Question 12

Aerobic organisms use _______ as the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aerobic organisms use _______ as the final...

Question 13

A coenzyme is

Accepted Answer

A) an ionic cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to inhibit it. 
B) a protein cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to inhibit it. 
C) an ionic cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work. 
D) a protein cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work. 
E) a nonprotein organic cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work. 
A) an ionic cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to inhibit it. 
B) a protein cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to inhibit it. 
C) an ionic cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work. 
D) a protein cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work. 
E) a nonprotein organic cofactor that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work.

Question 14

Full oxidative breakdown of glucose results in a net of ______ ATP molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 16 
D) 36 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 16 
D) 36

Question 15

Which is the true statement about oxidation-reduction reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) Reduction is the loss of electrons 
B) Reduction is the loss of hydrogen atoms 
C) Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the addition of electrons 
D) Reduction and oxidation sometimes occur together,but not always 
A) Reduction is the loss of electrons 
B) Reduction is the loss of hydrogen atoms 
C) Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the addition of electrons 
D) Reduction and oxidation sometimes occur together,but not always

Question 16

The first process in breaking down glucose is

Accepted Answer

A) the Krebs cycle. 
B) glycolysis. 
C) the electron transport system. 
D) fermentation. 
A) the Krebs cycle. 
B) glycolysis. 
C) the electron transport system. 
D) fermentation.

Question 17

The critical factor that drives many microorganisms to use fermentation to metabolize sugar is

Accepted Answer

A) inability to carry on glycolysis. 
B) lack of free oxygen. 
C) lack of any enzymes. 
D) intolerance to alcohol. 
A) inability to carry on glycolysis. 
B) lack of free oxygen. 
C) lack of any enzymes. 
D) intolerance to alcohol.

Question 18

For some enzymes to function,small nonprotein groups called ________ must participate along with the enzyme molecule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For some enzymes to function,small nonprotein groups...

Question 19

Why do some animals degrade amino acids to ammonia and others dispose of it as urea or uric acid?

Accepted Answer

The way animals metabolize and excrete n

Question 20

The net direction of any chemical reaction depends on the

Accepted Answer

A) relative energy contents of the substances involved. 
B) amount of enzyme present. 
C) amount of substrate present. 
D) amount of ATP present. 
A) relative energy contents of the substances involved. 
B) amount of enzyme present. 
C) amount of substrate present. 
D) amount of ATP present.

Exam 4: Cellular Metabolism

Each turn of the Krebs cycle produces

Research on lipid metabolism has resulted in pharmaceutical drugs that could help fight the obesity epidemic.Explain how these drugs might help someone lose weight.

The subunits from which ATP is made are

The first law of thermodynamics states that

Exergonic reactions

Because there is a constant need for amino acids to synthesize proteins,it is important to maintain ________ in the ________.

Both NADH and FADH2 are produced by

Which of the following is a coenzyme?

Stored energy that is not doing work but has the capacity to do work is called __________ ___________.

Endergonic reactions

Cellular ____________ refers to the collective total of chemical processes that occur within living cells.

Aerobic organisms use _______ as the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration.

A coenzyme is

Full oxidative breakdown of glucose results in a net of ______ ATP molecules.

Which is the true statement about oxidation-reduction reactions?

The first process in breaking down glucose is

The critical factor that drives many microorganisms to use fermentation to metabolize sugar is

For some enzymes to function,small nonprotein groups called ________ must participate along with the enzyme molecule.

Why do some animals degrade amino acids to ammonia and others dispose of it as urea or uric acid?

The net direction of any chemical reaction depends on the

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectual Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Cnidarians and Ctenophores

Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Hexapods

Chaetognaths, echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, Protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distribution

Animal Ecology

Filters

Because there is a constant need for amino acids to synthesize proteins,it is important to maintain in the .

Both NADH and FADH₂ are produced by

Stored energy that is not doing work but has the capacity to do work is called _.