Question 1

Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A) judging whether to repeat a behavior depending on the consequences of the behavior 
B) encoding the information and keeping it in memory so that it can be retrieved later 
C) imitating and enacting a model's actions to achieve similarity in reproduction of the set of behaviors initially observed 
D) attending to what the model is saying or doing 
A) judging whether to repeat a behavior depending on the consequences of the behavior 
B) encoding the information and keeping it in memory so that it can be retrieved later 
C) imitating and enacting a model's actions to achieve similarity in reproduction of the set of behaviors initially observed 
D) attending to what the model is saying or doing A

Question 2

Fred's parents are very inconsistent with their childrearing rules.Most of the time Fred can climb on the furniture but sometimes he is punished.Fred's parents can't understand why he isn't a well-behaved child.Fred's parents are reinforcing his negative behaviors on a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) internal-reinforcement schedule. 
B) external-reinforcement schedule. 
C) partial-reinforcement schedule. 
D) continuous-reinforcement schedule. 
A) internal-reinforcement schedule. 
B) external-reinforcement schedule. 
C) partial-reinforcement schedule. 
D) continuous-reinforcement schedule. C

Question 3

A _____ reinforcer is innately satisfying and it does not take any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable.

Accepted Answer

A) secondary 
B) primary 
C) tertiary 
D) intermediary 
A) secondary 
B) primary 
C) tertiary 
D) intermediary B

Question 4

Patricia wants to decrease the frequency of her teenage daughter's misbehavior.Give examples of positive and negative punishment techniques Patricia might consider in order to encourage her daughter to behave properly.

Accepted Answer

Punishment is a consequence that decreas

Question 5

The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) observational learning 
D) latent learning 
A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) observational learning 
D) latent learning

Question 6

Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother by taking away his toys.His mother notices that the frequency of bullying has decreased.Scolding Todd is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) negative punishment. 
C) positive reinforcement. 
D) positive punishment. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) negative punishment. 
C) positive reinforcement. 
D) positive punishment.

Question 7

In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two

Accepted Answer

A) organizations. 
B) stimuli. 
C) motives. 
D) considerations. 
A) organizations. 
B) stimuli. 
C) motives. 
D) considerations.

Question 8

Sarah feels sick every time she travels by air.She associates flying with physical illness and, as a result, hates air travel.She also finds it difficult to watch movies with airplanes or read books about airplanes because they make her uncomfortable.This scenario illustrates the learning process of

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) implicit learning. 
A) operant conditioning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) implicit learning.

Question 9

_____ is a form of treatment that involves repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) Instinctive drift 
B) Aversive conditioning 
C) Expectancy learning 
D) Generalizing 
A) Instinctive drift 
B) Aversive conditioning 
C) Expectancy learning 
D) Generalizing

Question 10

Your psychology professor wants to help students learn how to write a high-quality research paper, so she posts an example of a research paper on the course website.You use this example as a model when writing your own paper.
Which of the following concepts best describes how you learned to write your research paper?

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) observational learning 
D) insight learning 
A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) observational learning 
D) insight learning

Question 11

Which of the following is true of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A) It focuses on automatic, involuntary behaviors. 
B) It often takes less time than operant conditioning. 
C) It was first conceptualized by Ivan Pavlov. 
D) It usually begins with reinforcement and ends with extinction. 
A) It focuses on automatic, involuntary behaviors. 
B) It often takes less time than operant conditioning. 
C) It was first conceptualized by Ivan Pavlov. 
D) It usually begins with reinforcement and ends with extinction.

Question 12

Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) praise 
B) money 
C) food 
D) attention 
A) praise 
B) money 
C) food 
D) attention

Question 13

_____ is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.

Accepted Answer

A) Instinctive drift 
B) Instinctive learning 
C) Preparedness 
D) Conceptualization 
A) Instinctive drift 
B) Instinctive learning 
C) Preparedness 
D) Conceptualization

Question 14

Classical conditioning most effectively explains how neutral stimuli become associated with

Accepted Answer

A) learned behavior. 
B) instrumental behavior. 
C) involuntary responses. 
D) conditioned responses. 
A) learned behavior. 
B) instrumental behavior. 
C) involuntary responses. 
D) conditioned responses.

Question 15

Classical conditioning can produce _____, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies that can lower a person's ability to fight disease.

Accepted Answer

A) immunosuppression 
B) depression 
C) habituation 
D) conditioned oppression 
A) immunosuppression 
B) depression 
C) habituation 
D) conditioned oppression

Question 16

_____ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur.

Accepted Answer

A) Punishment 
B) Extinction 
C) Discrimination 
D) Generalization 
A) Punishment 
B) Extinction 
C) Discrimination 
D) Generalization

Question 17

You feel fine at the picnic until a spider very similar to the one that bit you last year and made you sick starts to walk onto your picnic blanket.This reaction is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus (US). 
B) unconditioned response (UR). 
C) conditioned stimulus (CS). 
D) conditioned response (CR). 
A) unconditioned stimulus (US). 
B) unconditioned response (UR). 
C) conditioned stimulus (CS). 
D) conditioned response (CR).

Question 18

Which of the following is true of a fixed-interval schedule in the context of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) It reinforces the first behavior after a set amount of time has passed. 
B) It produces a high, steady rate of behavior that is more resistant to extinction than the other schedules. 
C) It reinforces a behavior after a variable amount of time has elapsed. 
D) It reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors. 
A) It reinforces the first behavior after a set amount of time has passed. 
B) It produces a high, steady rate of behavior that is more resistant to extinction than the other schedules. 
C) It reinforces a behavior after a variable amount of time has elapsed. 
D) It reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors.

Question 19

Discuss the fixed-ratio and variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A fixed-ratio schedule reinforces a beha

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates positive punishment in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) forbidding a child from watching television because he broke a glass 
B) forbidding a teenager from leaving the house because he got drunk 
C) lecturing and reprimanding a child for being rude to his or her teachers 
D) refusing to give his or her favorite toys to a child who refuses to eat 
A) forbidding a child from watching television because he broke a glass 
B) forbidding a teenager from leaving the house because he got drunk 
C) lecturing and reprimanding a child for being rude to his or her teachers 
D) refusing to give his or her favorite toys to a child who refuses to eat

Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning?

Fred's parents are very inconsistent with their childrearing rules.Most of the time Fred can climb on the furniture but sometimes he is punished.Fred's parents can't understand why he isn't a well-behaved child.Fred's parents are reinforcing his negative behaviors on a(n)

A _____ reinforcer is innately satisfying and it does not take any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable.

Patricia wants to decrease the frequency of her teenage daughter's misbehavior.Give examples of positive and negative punishment techniques Patricia might consider in order to encourage her daughter to behave properly.

The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of learning?

Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother by taking away his toys.His mother notices that the frequency of bullying has decreased.Scolding Todd is an example of

In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two

Sarah feels sick every time she travels by air.She associates flying with physical illness and, as a result, hates air travel.She also finds it difficult to watch movies with airplanes or read books about airplanes because they make her uncomfortable.This scenario illustrates the learning process of

_____ is a form of treatment that involves repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus.

Which of the following is true of observational learning?

Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer?

_____ is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.

Classical conditioning most effectively explains how neutral stimuli become associated with

Classical conditioning can produce _____, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies that can lower a person's ability to fight disease.

_____ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur.

You feel fine at the picnic until a spider very similar to the one that bit you last year and made you sick starts to walk onto your picnic blanket.This reaction is most likely a(n)

Which of the following is true of a fixed-interval schedule in the context of operant conditioning?

Discuss the fixed-ratio and variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Which of the following best illustrates positive punishment in operant conditioning?

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Exam 5: Learning

Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning?

Fred's parents are very inconsistent with their childrearing rules.Most of the time Fred can climb on the furniture but sometimes he is punished.Fred's parents can't understand why he isn't a well-behaved child.Fred's parents are reinforcing his negative behaviors on a(n)

A _____ reinforcer is innately satisfying and it does not take any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable.

Patricia wants to decrease the frequency of her teenage daughter's misbehavior.Give examples of positive and negative punishment techniques Patricia might consider in order to encourage her daughter to behave properly.

The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of learning?

Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother by taking away his toys.His mother notices that the frequency of bullying has decreased.Scolding Todd is an example of

In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two

_____ is a form of treatment that involves repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus.

Which of the following is true of observational learning?

Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer?

_____ is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.

Classical conditioning most effectively explains how neutral stimuli become associated with

Classical conditioning can produce _____, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies that can lower a person's ability to fight disease.

_____ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur.

You feel fine at the picnic until a spider very similar to the one that bit you last year and made you sick starts to walk onto your picnic blanket.This reaction is most likely a(n)

Which of the following is true of a fixed-interval schedule in the context of operant conditioning?

Discuss the fixed-ratio and variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Which of the following best illustrates positive punishment in operant conditioning?

The Science of Psychology

The Brain and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Human Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Health Psychology

Filters