Exam 5: Learning

Which of the following is true regarding learning through operant conditioning?

_____ is considered a secondary reinforcer.

Jennifer accidentally plays a radio channel that she has never heard before.She loves the music it plays and as a result, she plays only that channel whenever she wants to listen to music.In the context of operant conditioning, Jennifer's behavior has most likely been learned through

Some bears kept in the zoo allow veterinarians to routinely give them total body checkups.These bears open their mouths for teeth cleaning and present their paws for nail clipping.Your friend wonders how anyone could ever get these dangerous animals to be so cooperative without anesthesia.You, however, a psychology student, quickly surmise that the bears had most likely undergone

_____ is a form of problem solving in which the organism develops a sudden understanding of a problem's solution.

The process in classical conditioning by which a conditioned response can recur after a time delay, without further conditioning, is called

In operant conditioning, _____ refers to rewarding successive approximations of a desired behavior.

According to Bandura's model of observational learning, which final component determines whether or not an imitated or modeled act will be repeated?

_____ is defined as a type of learning that occurs without reinforcement.However, this learning is not demonstrated until the person or animal is reinforced to do so.

In the Water Kingdom Amusement Park, when two sea lions throw and catch balls on their nose, they are rewarded every time with fish after they successfully complete their act.The sea lions have been trained to perform this behavior through

Salivating at the presentation of food is an example of

The extent to which the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) occur close together in time reflects

_____ is a classical-conditioning procedure for changing the relationship between a conditioned stimulus and its conditioned response.

Which of the following is true of a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?

Shirley repeatedly ends up receiving bad grades in algebra no matter how hard she studies.Eventually, Shirley stops studying for algebra tests and accepts that nothing she does will enable her to get good grades.In the context of operant conditioning, Shirley's behavior exemplifies

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Watson and Rayner used _____ along with an unconditional stimulus in order to condition fear in little Albert.

In aversive conditioning experiments to treat alcohol addiction, every time a person drinks an alcoholic beverage, he or she also consumes a mixture that induces nausea.In classical-conditioning terminology, the nausea-inducing agent is the

In John Watson's experiment on classical conditioning, a white rat was used as a(n) _____ to condition Albert.

_____ in classical conditioning is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others.