Question 1

Classical conditioning helps to explain _____, which refers to the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations.

Accepted Answer

A) immunosuppression 
B) habituation 
C) aversive conditioning 
D) counterconditioning 
A) immunosuppression 
B) habituation 
C) aversive conditioning 
D) counterconditioning

Question 2

Classical and operant conditioning involve learning through _____, whereas observational learning involves learning through _____.

Accepted Answer

A) observation and imitation/association 
B) conscious behaviors/observation and practice 
C) association/watching and imitation 
D) conscious thoughts/unconscious thoughts 
A) observation and imitation/association 
B) conscious behaviors/observation and practice 
C) association/watching and imitation 
D) conscious thoughts/unconscious thoughts

Question 3

The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior is called

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment.

Question 4

What is the difference between positive reinforcement-negative reinforcement and positive punishment-negative punishment?

Accepted Answer

The fine distinctions here can sometimes

Question 5

Tolman said that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, an organism acquires certain

Accepted Answer

A) rewards. 
B) reinforcements. 
C) expectations. 
D) values. 
A) rewards. 
B) reinforcements. 
C) expectations. 
D) values.

Question 6

The process by which a stimulus or event following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again is called

Accepted Answer

A) generalization. 
B) extinction. 
C) reinforcement. 
D) specialization. 
A) generalization. 
B) extinction. 
C) reinforcement. 
D) specialization.

Question 7

Marcia is no longer romantically involved with John as they broke up after a three-year relationship.They have no interaction with each other.One day in the mall, she suddenly gets a whiff of the cologne that John always wore.All the former good feelings come pouring back.The sudden onset of good feelings triggered by the cologne is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) emotional amnesia. 
B) spontaneous recovery. 
C) discriminatory learning. 
D) contingency learning. 
A) emotional amnesia. 
B) spontaneous recovery. 
C) discriminatory learning. 
D) contingency learning.

Question 8

_____ is a theory of learning that focuses solely on observable actions and responses.

Accepted Answer

A) Psychoanalysis 
B) Behaviorism 
C) Humanism 
D) Endosymbiosis 
A) Psychoanalysis 
B) Behaviorism 
C) Humanism 
D) Endosymbiosis

Question 9

Spanking is a form of _____; time-out is a form of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) negative punishment/positive punishment 
B) positive reinforcement/negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment/negative punishment 
D) negative reinforcement/positive reinforcement 
A) negative punishment/positive punishment 
B) positive reinforcement/negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment/negative punishment 
D) negative reinforcement/positive reinforcement

Question 10

How does culture influence learning?

Accepted Answer

Culture can influence the degree to whic

Question 11

Discuss the distinction between associative learning and observational learning.

Accepted Answer

Associative learning occurs when we make

Question 12

Your psychology assignment is to observe and list any behaviors of your relatives that indicate learning.Which of the following should be included on your list?

Accepted Answer

A) Your sister bumps into a door when she has a high fever. 
B) Your father falls asleep watching TV. 
C) Your little brother whines whenever he wants something. 
D) Your mother takes a nap after spending long hours surfing the Internet. 
A) Your sister bumps into a door when she has a high fever. 
B) Your father falls asleep watching TV. 
C) Your little brother whines whenever he wants something. 
D) Your mother takes a nap after spending long hours surfing the Internet.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of acquisition in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) During acquisition, the unconditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented followed by the conditioned stimulus. 
B) During acquisition, the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented very close together in time. 
C) During acquisition, the conditioned stimulus loses its significance once the association between the two stimuli has been formed. 
D) During acquisition, the unconditional stimulus loses the ability to elicit any kind of response from the subject. 
A) During acquisition, the unconditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented followed by the conditioned stimulus. 
B) During acquisition, the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented very close together in time. 
C) During acquisition, the conditioned stimulus loses its significance once the association between the two stimuli has been formed. 
D) During acquisition, the unconditional stimulus loses the ability to elicit any kind of response from the subject.

Question 14

In operant conditioning, continuous reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) is particularly resistant to extinction. 
B) is that which characterizes most life experiences. 
C) is the type of reinforcement in which organisms learn rapidly. 
D) is the type of reinforcement in which a reinforcer follows a behavior only a portion of the time. 
A) is particularly resistant to extinction. 
B) is that which characterizes most life experiences. 
C) is the type of reinforcement in which organisms learn rapidly. 
D) is the type of reinforcement in which a reinforcer follows a behavior only a portion of the time.

Question 15

Tina's eyes water every time she chops onions.Her response is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) habit. 
B) reflex. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) voluntary behavior. 
A) habit. 
B) reflex. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) voluntary behavior.

Question 16

_____ is the initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired.

Accepted Answer

A) Generalization 
B) Spontaneous recovery 
C) Extinction 
D) Acquisition 
A) Generalization 
B) Spontaneous recovery 
C) Extinction 
D) Acquisition

Question 17

Pavlov's dog salivated to the sound of a bell because

Accepted Answer

A) the bell had become a reflex. 
B) the bell had become a conditioned response. 
C) the bell had become associated with food. 
D) the bell had become an unconditioned stimulus for fooD. 
A) the bell had become a reflex. 
B) the bell had become a conditioned response. 
C) the bell had become associated with food. 
D) the bell had become an unconditioned stimulus for fooD.

Question 18

Which of the following is more effective in explaining voluntary behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A) discovery learning 
B) latent learning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) operant conditioning 
A) discovery learning 
B) latent learning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) operant conditioning

Question 19

Shawn is trying to teach his son Cameron how to hit a baseball.Shawn begins hitting some baseballs to show his son how to swing.Cameron watches several hits and then goes up to bat to try it out for himself.According to Albert Bandura's model of observational learning, what four processes must occur for Cameron to learn how to hit a baseball?

Accepted Answer

First, Cameron must pay attention as his

Question 20

In the experiment with little Albert conducted by Watson and Rayner, _____ was used as an unconditional response for conditioning Albert to fear a white rat.

Accepted Answer

A) fire 
B) a loud noise 
C) pain 
D) a sealskin coat 
A) fire 
B) a loud noise 
C) pain 
D) a sealskin coat

Classical conditioning helps to explain _____, which refers to the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations.

Classical and operant conditioning involve learning through _, whereas observational learning involves learning through _.

The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior is called

What is the difference between positive reinforcement-negative reinforcement and positive punishment-negative punishment?

Tolman said that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, an organism acquires certain

The process by which a stimulus or event following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again is called

_____ is a theory of learning that focuses solely on observable actions and responses.

Spanking is a form of _; time-out is a form of _.

How does culture influence learning?

Discuss the distinction between associative learning and observational learning.

Your psychology assignment is to observe and list any behaviors of your relatives that indicate learning.Which of the following should be included on your list?

Which of the following is true of acquisition in classical conditioning?

In operant conditioning, continuous reinforcement

Tina's eyes water every time she chops onions.Her response is an example of a

_____ is the initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired.

Pavlov's dog salivated to the sound of a bell because

Which of the following is more effective in explaining voluntary behaviors?

In the experiment with little Albert conducted by Watson and Rayner, _____ was used as an unconditional response for conditioning Albert to fear a white rat.

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Exam 5: Learning

Classical conditioning helps to explain _____, which refers to the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations.

Classical and operant conditioning involve learning through _____, whereas observational learning involves learning through _____.

The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior is called

What is the difference between positive reinforcement-negative reinforcement and positive punishment-negative punishment?

Tolman said that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, an organism acquires certain

The process by which a stimulus or event following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again is called

_____ is a theory of learning that focuses solely on observable actions and responses.

Spanking is a form of _____; time-out is a form of _____.

How does culture influence learning?

Discuss the distinction between associative learning and observational learning.

Your psychology assignment is to observe and list any behaviors of your relatives that indicate learning.Which of the following should be included on your list?

Which of the following is true of acquisition in classical conditioning?

In operant conditioning, continuous reinforcement

Tina's eyes water every time she chops onions.Her response is an example of a

_____ is the initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired.

Pavlov's dog salivated to the sound of a bell because

Which of the following is more effective in explaining voluntary behaviors?

In the experiment with little Albert conducted by Watson and Rayner, _____ was used as an unconditional response for conditioning Albert to fear a white rat.

The Science of Psychology

The Brain and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Human Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Health Psychology

Filters

Classical and operant conditioning involve learning through _, whereas observational learning involves learning through _.

Spanking is a form of _; time-out is a form of _.