Exam 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches

Jean Piaget identified two stages of moral reasoning in children.Please (a)name these stages of moral reasoning,(b)give the approximate ages of children at each of these stages,and (c)briefly describe/explain the moral reasoning of children at each of these stages.

Which of these is true of gender schema theory?

Ursula just brought home her report card.She earned Cs and Ds in all of her classes.Ursula's mom's first response was "Oh,you must be very disappointed." Then,the two of them sat down and tried to determine why she was having difficulty and what they could do to help her get her grades up.They decided that Ursula would start seeing a tutor after school.Ursula's mom is most likely a(n)

Jerome and Hani got up early on Saturday morning and decided to make "breakfast in bed" for their mother.While reaching for the bed tray in the back of the hall cabinet,they accidentally bumped,and broke,one of their mother's favorite porcelain dolls.Jerome KNEW that he is going to get into "big trouble"; and,he thought that he SHOULD get into big trouble.Hani told him not to worry because Mom would understand that it was an accident.In what stage would Jean Piaget categorize the moral reasoning of Jerome and Hani?

List four types of child maltreatment.

Developmental psychologists would describe Jennifer as an "emotion-coaching" parent.It is likely that she would also be described as all of the following,EXCEPT

List at least four possible functions of play.

Which statement below summarizes Erik Erikson's view of how guilt,initiative,and conscience operate during the early childhood period?

Compared to working class parents,upper-middle-class parents are more likely to

A kind of physical discipline that is primarily characterized by spanking.

When Travis decided he wanted to catch a bird with a butterfly net,his parents encouraged him to test out his idea.Because his parents supported his plan,he will probably grow up with

At what age do children show a preference to spend time with a same-sex playmate?

List at least three ways that boy and girl peer/friendship groups tend to differ.

Of the 906,000 children in the United States who were found to be victims of child abuse in 2002,__________ were abused by their parent(s).

In general terms,the preschool child's understanding of self is

Shame,embarrassment,and guilt are examples of

A parent who uses a restrictive,punitive style to control the behavior of his or her children is a(n):

What does a child get from peers that he or she typically cannot get from siblings?

A parent who denies,ignores,or tries to change the negative emotions of their children would be called an:

Approximately __________ of lesbians are parents.