Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

A cognitive theorist who emphasized the social contexts of learning and the construction of knowledge through social interaction.

Pointing to a tree,young Leo says,"Bird flied away." Leo's interesting but incorrect use of the "-ed" word ending shows that he is trying to learn the _____ rules of language.

Define what Piaget meant by an operation.What would be one task that preoperational children fail at because they lack operations?

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How could you use peer scaffolding to teach children mathematics within the zone?

After the age of _____,children attend more efficiently to the dimensions of the task that are relevant.

_____ memory involves memory of significant events and experiences in one's life.

Vygotsky's view of the importance of _____ on children's development fits with the current belief that it is important to evaluate the contextual factors in learning.

The _____ is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.

Using rehearsal,we can keep information in short-term memory for a much longer period.In this context,rehearsal means:

One of the major changes in brain development between the ages of 3 and 15 involves an increase in the speed and efficiency of information traveling through the nervous system.This change is brought about by:

Which of the following scenarios BEST represents Lev Vygotsky's view of mental and behavioral development?

When 4- and 5-year-olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends,they are demonstrating their:

Dorothy is enrolled in a preschool where she spends much of her time in unstructured activity.She plays with different toys she chooses,and her teacher facilitates rather than teaches.Which of the following approaches is Dorothy's preschool using?

In the development of language and thought:

Which of the following educational strategies would Vygotsky say should be incorporated into the classroom?

A police officer visits Timothy and Evelyn's class to discuss safety rules.To attract the children's attention,the officer brings colorful balloons and lots of jars of bubbles for the children to blow.Later,Timothy tells his parents all about the safety rules the officer discussed.Timothy obviously paid attention to what was:

Jaron is an overweight 5-year-old.By age 14,we can expect that Jaron

By the time they enter first grade,it is estimated that children know about _____ words.

The second substage of preoperational thought,occurring between approximately 4 and 7 years of age,is characterized by the use of:

"My computer doesn't like me-it keeps eating my pictures," says 3-year-old Kimberly.This is an example of: