Question 1

Why was Swiss botanist Alphonse de Candolle's 1872 book History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries important?

Accepted Answer

A)  It showed the importance of environmental factors such as climate, government, and religious institutions in producing eminent scientists. 
B)  It stimulated Galton to do the research for English Men of Science. 
C)  It supported the strongly hereditarian position of Hereditary Genius. 
D)  both a and b above 
A)  It showed the importance of environmental factors such as climate, government, and religious institutions in producing eminent scientists. 
B)  It stimulated Galton to do the research for English Men of Science. 
C)  It supported the strongly hereditarian position of Hereditary Genius. 
D)  both a and b above

Question 2

Galton justified his neurophysiological approach to intelligence testing with all of the following arguments except:

Accepted Answer

A)  that mentally retarded people supposedly cannot distinguish well between hot and cold. 
B)  that women are supposedly both less intelligent than men, and less able to select a fine wine. 
C)  that large head sizes must reflect large and powerful brains within. 
D)  that people with quick reaction times also have large vocabularies. 
A)  that mentally retarded people supposedly cannot distinguish well between hot and cold. 
B)  that women are supposedly both less intelligent than men, and less able to select a fine wine. 
C)  that large head sizes must reflect large and powerful brains within. 
D)  that people with quick reaction times also have large vocabularies.

Question 3

The first major study of separated twins was done in 1937 by a biologist,a psychologist,and a statistician. Which of the following is true about their study?

Accepted Answer

A)  There was a positive correlation between the twins' IQ, indicating a significant role for heredity. 
B)  Those twin pairs who had been most completely separated and reared in different environments showed the greatest IQ differences, indicating a significant role for environment. 
C)  It was difficult to find identical twin pairs who had been fully separated. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  There was a positive correlation between the twins' IQ, indicating a significant role for heredity. 
B)  Those twin pairs who had been most completely separated and reared in different environments showed the greatest IQ differences, indicating a significant role for environment. 
C)  It was difficult to find identical twin pairs who had been fully separated. 
D)  all of the above

Question 4

A flaw in Galton's tests of intelligence at the 1884 Anthropometric laboratory was:

Accepted Answer

A)  the crudity of his measuring instruments. 
B)  the small number of subjects on which they were tried. 
C)  the underlying assumption of a strong correlation between practical intelligence and sensory acuity. 
D)  the statistical methods by which he analyzed his results. 
A)  the crudity of his measuring instruments. 
B)  the small number of subjects on which they were tried. 
C)  the underlying assumption of a strong correlation between practical intelligence and sensory acuity. 
D)  the statistical methods by which he analyzed his results.

Question 5

When a student scores extremely poorly on one examination,but then improves on the next,he or she demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  the law of regular deviations. 
B)  the rebound effect. 
C)  random fluctuation. 
D)  regression toward the mean. 
A)  the law of regular deviations. 
B)  the rebound effect. 
C)  random fluctuation. 
D)  regression toward the mean.

Question 6

Galton's book English Men of Science is notable today because it was:

Accepted Answer

A)  the first to show that scientific interests are innate. 
B)  the first to use the self-questionnaire method to study a psychological problem, and to analyze the results statistically. 
C)  the first major work to use the correlation coefficient. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the first to show that scientific interests are innate. 
B)  the first to use the self-questionnaire method to study a psychological problem, and to analyze the results statistically. 
C)  the first major work to use the correlation coefficient. 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

Which of the following books first made a strong case for the inheritance of human psychological characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darwin's Origin of Species 
B)  De Candolle's History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries 
C)  Galton's Natural Inheritance 
D)  Galton's Hereditary Genius 
A)  Darwin's Origin of Species 
B)  De Candolle's History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries 
C)  Galton's Natural Inheritance 
D)  Galton's Hereditary Genius

Question 8

Francis Galton's first entrée into the British scientific world came primarily through his:

Accepted Answer

A)  contacts with Charles Darwin. 
B)  African exploration and affiliation with the royal Geographical Society. 
C)  fingerprinting work and collaboration with Scotland Yard. 
D)  prize-winning work in mathematics as a Cambridge undergraduate. 
A)  contacts with Charles Darwin. 
B)  African exploration and affiliation with the royal Geographical Society. 
C)  fingerprinting work and collaboration with Scotland Yard. 
D)  prize-winning work in mathematics as a Cambridge undergraduate.

Question 9

As a young man,Francis Galton was profoundly influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  an uncle who taught him elementary statistics. 
B)  a phrenologist who told him his brain and intelligence were naturally better suited to practical than to academic pursuits. 
C)  a minister who convinced him to pursue altruistic goals. 
D)  his grandfather Erasmus Darwin, who taught him evolution. 
A)  an uncle who taught him elementary statistics. 
B)  a phrenologist who told him his brain and intelligence were naturally better suited to practical than to academic pursuits. 
C)  a minister who convinced him to pursue altruistic goals. 
D)  his grandfather Erasmus Darwin, who taught him evolution.

Question 10

The phrase "nature and nurture" was introduced and popularized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  de Candolle in History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries. 
B)  Darwin in Origin of Species. 
C)  Galton in English Men of Science. 
D)  Newman, Freeman and Holzinger in their study of separated twins. 
A)  de Candolle in History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries. 
B)  Darwin in Origin of Species. 
C)  Galton in English Men of Science. 
D)  Newman, Freeman and Holzinger in their study of separated twins.

Why was Swiss botanist Alphonse de Candolle's 1872 book History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries important?

Galton justified his neurophysiological approach to intelligence testing with all of the following arguments except:

The first major study of separated twins was done in 1937 by a biologist,a psychologist,and a statistician. Which of the following is true about their study?

A flaw in Galton's tests of intelligence at the 1884 Anthropometric laboratory was:

When a student scores extremely poorly on one examination,but then improves on the next,he or she demonstrates:

Galton's book English Men of Science is notable today because it was:

Which of the following books first made a strong case for the inheritance of human psychological characteristics?

Francis Galton's first entrée into the British scientific world came primarily through his:

As a young man,Francis Galton was profoundly influenced by:

The phrase "nature and nurture" was introduced and popularized by:

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov,Watson,and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets "Personality": Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence

Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

Filters

Exam 7: Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

Why was Swiss botanist Alphonse de Candolle's 1872 book History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries important?

Galton justified his neurophysiological approach to intelligence testing with all of the following arguments except:

The first major study of separated twins was done in 1937 by a biologist,a psychologist,and a statistician. Which of the following is true about their study?

A flaw in Galton's tests of intelligence at the 1884 Anthropometric laboratory was:

When a student scores extremely poorly on one examination,but then improves on the next,he or she demonstrates:

Galton's book English Men of Science is notable today because it was:

Which of the following books first made a strong case for the inheritance of human psychological characteristics?

Francis Galton's first entrée into the British scientific world came primarily through his:

As a young man,Francis Galton was profoundly influenced by:

The phrase "nature and nurture" was introduced and popularized by:

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov,Watson,and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets "Personality": Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence

Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

Filters