Question 1

The step of changing a procedure to a protocol involves

Accepted Answer

A)  Going from a logical plan to a practical one 
B)  Reviewing the literature 
C)  Analyzing the data 
D)  Explaining results 
A)  Going from a logical plan to a practical one 
B)  Reviewing the literature 
C)  Analyzing the data 
D)  Explaining results A

Question 2

A first hand story reflecting the meaning experienced by the teller is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  survey 
B)  participant-observer study 
C)  narrative case study 
D)  naturalistic observation study 
A)  survey 
B)  participant-observer study 
C)  narrative case study 
D)  naturalistic observation study C

Question 3

Explain why it is vital to guard the integrity of the data through careful recording and handling.

Accepted Answer

Guarding the integrity of data through careful recording and handling is vital for several reasons:

1. **Accuracy and Reliability**: The integrity of data ensures that the information is accurate and can be relied upon for decision-making. Inaccurate data can lead to incorrect conclusions and decisions that may have negative consequences for businesses, research, healthcare, and other critical areas.

2. **Trust**: Data integrity is essential for maintaining the trust of stakeholders, including customers, clients, employees, and partners. If data is compromised, it can damage an organization's reputation and lead to a loss of confidence among stakeholders.

3. **Compliance**: Many industries are subject to regulations that require the maintenance of accurate records. For example, the healthcare industry must comply with HIPAA regulations, and financial institutions must adhere to Sarbanes-Oxley Act requirements. Failure to maintain data integrity can result in legal penalties and fines.

4. **Operational Continuity**: In the event of a disaster or system failure, having intact and accurate data is crucial for the recovery process. Data integrity ensures that backup data is a true reflection of the original data, enabling organizations to resume operations quickly.

5. **Security**: Ensuring data integrity is a key aspect of data security. It protects against unauthorized data alteration, which could be part of a cyber attack. Maintaining the integrity of data helps prevent data breaches and the potential exploitation of sensitive information.

6. **Research and Development**: In scientific research and development, the integrity of data is fundamental. It ensures that research findings are valid and reproducible. Compromised data can lead to false scientific conclusions, affecting the credibility of the research and potentially causing harm if applied in real-world scenarios.

7. **Economic Impact**: For businesses, data integrity is directly tied to their bottom line. Decisions based on faulty data can lead to financial loss, wasted resources, and missed opportunities.

8. **Legal Evidence**: In legal proceedings, data integrity is crucial as it ensures that electronic evidence is admissible in court. Tampered or corrupted data can undermine legal cases and impede the delivery of justice.

To maintain data integrity, organizations should implement robust data management practices, including regular audits, access controls, encryption, data validation, and backup procedures. By doing so, they can ensure that their data remains accurate, consistent, and reliable over its entire lifecycle.

Question 4

A researcher decides to go through police records in an effort to find out whether there is any evidence of racial profiling.What research technique is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participant-Observer 
B)  Survey 
C)  Archival 
D)  Case Study 
A)  Participant-Observer 
B)  Survey 
C)  Archival 
D)  Case Study

Question 5

Alex the parrot's remarkable facility for language was reported in a journal article.What type of research technique was used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archival 
B)  Participant-Observer 
C)  Survey 
D)  Case Study 
A)  Archival 
B)  Participant-Observer 
C)  Survey 
D)  Case Study

Question 6

A news magazine sends a questionnaire to a representative sample of voters to determine voting preferences in an upcoming election.This is an example of ____ research.

Accepted Answer

A)  survey 
B)  naturalistic 
C)  observational 
D)  archival 
A)  survey 
B)  naturalistic 
C)  observational 
D)  archival

Question 7

When a researcher reads a passage of text and codes it for a particular theme,the researcher is actually coding for

Accepted Answer

A)  Latent content 
B)  Manifest content 
C)  Validity 
D)  Reliability 
A)  Latent content 
B)  Manifest content 
C)  Validity 
D)  Reliability

Question 8

A pilot study

Accepted Answer

A)  is mostly for inexperienced researchers 
B)  is required for all studies 
C)  helps find the bugs in a design 
D)  reduces the credibility of the later study because the researcher has tested the design in advance 
A)  is mostly for inexperienced researchers 
B)  is required for all studies 
C)  helps find the bugs in a design 
D)  reduces the credibility of the later study because the researcher has tested the design in advance

Question 9

Discuss some of the problems of dealing with archival data,such as police records.Under what conditions would such data be preferable to performing an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Dealing with archival data, such as poli

Question 10

Nonexperimental research sometimes has to forfeit ____ in return for obtaining the data

Accepted Answer

A)  Money 
B)  Control 
C)  Variability 
D)  Analysis 
A)  Money 
B)  Control 
C)  Variability 
D)  Analysis

Question 11

What makes nonexperimental research correlational is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  computes a correlation between two variables 
B)  requires a scattergram of two variables for interpretation 
C)  determines a cause-effect relationship between two variables 
D)  does not manipulate an independent variable 
A)  computes a correlation between two variables 
B)  requires a scattergram of two variables for interpretation 
C)  determines a cause-effect relationship between two variables 
D)  does not manipulate an independent variable

Question 12

Collett and Marsh (1974)videotaped instances when two people met in a hallway to avoid collision.This type of research is called

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic-observation 
B)  participant-observer 
C)  case study 
D)  archival 
A)  naturalistic-observation 
B)  participant-observer 
C)  case study 
D)  archival

Question 13

Which one of the following scenarios best demonstrates the use of physical trace measures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers examine the drawings of a group of four and five year old children for evidence of trauma or sexual abuse. 
B)  A researcher compares the final exam scores of two groups of college freshman students enrolled in two separate reading courses. 
C)  A classroom reading teacher examines the books on her classroom reading shelf for signs of wear to see what ones are read most. 
D)  Researchers blind to experimental conditions observe and record the behavior of two groups of schizophrenic patients who have been given two different experimental drugs. 
A)  Researchers examine the drawings of a group of four and five year old children for evidence of trauma or sexual abuse. 
B)  A researcher compares the final exam scores of two groups of college freshman students enrolled in two separate reading courses. 
C)  A classroom reading teacher examines the books on her classroom reading shelf for signs of wear to see what ones are read most. 
D)  Researchers blind to experimental conditions observe and record the behavior of two groups of schizophrenic patients who have been given two different experimental drugs.

Question 14

An effective method of increasing the reliability of content analysis is to

Accepted Answer

A)  use a standardized coding scheme 
B)  use a single coder to interpret the data 
C)  use two or more coders to interpret the data 
D)  a and c 
A)  use a standardized coding scheme 
B)  use a single coder to interpret the data 
C)  use two or more coders to interpret the data 
D)  a and c

Question 15

Which one of the following scenarios best demonstrates the concept of hermeneutics?

Accepted Answer

A)  A parole officer obtains urine specimens from several parolees and has them analyzed for evidence of substance abuse. 
B)  Guards in a prisoner-of-war camp analyze the out-going mail of prisoners to determine if an escape attempt is being plotted. 
C)  A supervisor of graduate student teachers administers a questionnaire to students to determine the effectiveness of student-teachers. 
D)  The director of a day care center observes and records the interactions among the children to identify potentially aggressive ones. 
A)  A parole officer obtains urine specimens from several parolees and has them analyzed for evidence of substance abuse. 
B)  Guards in a prisoner-of-war camp analyze the out-going mail of prisoners to determine if an escape attempt is being plotted. 
C)  A supervisor of graduate student teachers administers a questionnaire to students to determine the effectiveness of student-teachers. 
D)  The director of a day care center observes and records the interactions among the children to identify potentially aggressive ones.

Question 16

In a comparison of the social interaction patterns of gorillas,a scientist spends several months observing and recording behavior of gorillas in each group of her samples.This is an example of ____ research.

Accepted Answer

A)  participant observation 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  survey 
D)  case study 
A)  participant observation 
B)  naturalistic observation 
C)  survey 
D)  case study

Question 17

A study of existing records is called ____ research

Accepted Answer

A)  survey 
B)  naturalistic 
C)  observational 
D)  archival 
A)  survey 
B)  naturalistic 
C)  observational 
D)  archival

Question 18

In comparison to those that use experimental techniques,observational researchers often use a process of testing hypotheses that is more

Accepted Answer

A)  Formal 
B)  Flexible 
C)  Deductive 
D)  Analysis driven 
A)  Formal 
B)  Flexible 
C)  Deductive 
D)  Analysis driven

Question 19

Many case studies result from

Accepted Answer

A)  Problems that must be studied quickly, or else the chance to study them is lost 
B)  Studies of magnetic resonance imaging 
C)  Careful assignment of participants to groups 
D)  Careful reading of police records 
A)  Problems that must be studied quickly, or else the chance to study them is lost 
B)  Studies of magnetic resonance imaging 
C)  Careful assignment of participants to groups 
D)  Careful reading of police records

Question 20

Theory development in observational or archival research

Accepted Answer

A)  should be more formal and deductive than other research 
B)  is to be avoided in favor of gathering data and generating hypotheses 
C)  should be done before the data are collected 
D)  None of these are true. 
A)  should be more formal and deductive than other research 
B)  is to be avoided in favor of gathering data and generating hypotheses 
C)  should be done before the data are collected 
D)  None of these are true.

The step of changing a procedure to a protocol involves

A first hand story reflecting the meaning experienced by the teller is called a

Explain why it is vital to guard the integrity of the data through careful recording and handling.

A researcher decides to go through police records in an effort to find out whether there is any evidence of racial profiling.What research technique is being used?

Alex the parrot's remarkable facility for language was reported in a journal article.What type of research technique was used?

A news magazine sends a questionnaire to a representative sample of voters to determine voting preferences in an upcoming election.This is an example of ____ research.

When a researcher reads a passage of text and codes it for a particular theme,the researcher is actually coding for

A pilot study

Discuss some of the problems of dealing with archival data,such as police records.Under what conditions would such data be preferable to performing an experiment?

Nonexperimental research sometimes has to forfeit ____ in return for obtaining the data

What makes nonexperimental research correlational is that it

Collett and Marsh (1974)videotaped instances when two people met in a hallway to avoid collision.This type of research is called

Which one of the following scenarios best demonstrates the use of physical trace measures?

An effective method of increasing the reliability of content analysis is to

Which one of the following scenarios best demonstrates the concept of hermeneutics?

In a comparison of the social interaction patterns of gorillas,a scientist spends several months observing and recording behavior of gorillas in each group of her samples.This is an example of ____ research.

A study of existing records is called ____ research

In comparison to those that use experimental techniques,observational researchers often use a process of testing hypotheses that is more

Many case studies result from

Theory development in observational or archival research

Psychology and Science

Developing a Research Question

Ethics in Research

Writing in Psychology

Variables

Tabular and Graphical Description of Data

Validity

Control

Nonexperimental Research, part 2: Survey Research

True Experiments, part 1: Single-Factor Designs

True Experiments, part 2: Factorial Designs

Single-Subject Experiments

Quasi Experiments

Biases and Limitations of Experimental Psychology

Filters

Exam 9: Nonexperimental Research, part 1: Observational, archival, and Case-Study Research

The step of changing a procedure to a protocol involves

A first hand story reflecting the meaning experienced by the teller is called a

Explain why it is vital to guard the integrity of the data through careful recording and handling.

A researcher decides to go through police records in an effort to find out whether there is any evidence of racial profiling.What research technique is being used?

Alex the parrot's remarkable facility for language was reported in a journal article.What type of research technique was used?

A news magazine sends a questionnaire to a representative sample of voters to determine voting preferences in an upcoming election.This is an example of ____ research.

When a researcher reads a passage of text and codes it for a particular theme,the researcher is actually coding for

A pilot study

Discuss some of the problems of dealing with archival data,such as police records.Under what conditions would such data be preferable to performing an experiment?

Nonexperimental research sometimes has to forfeit ____ in return for obtaining the data

What makes nonexperimental research correlational is that it

Collett and Marsh (1974)videotaped instances when two people met in a hallway to avoid collision.This type of research is called

Which one of the following scenarios best demonstrates the use of physical trace measures?

An effective method of increasing the reliability of content analysis is to

Which one of the following scenarios best demonstrates the concept of hermeneutics?

In a comparison of the social interaction patterns of gorillas,a scientist spends several months observing and recording behavior of gorillas in each group of her samples.This is an example of ____ research.

A study of existing records is called ____ research

In comparison to those that use experimental techniques,observational researchers often use a process of testing hypotheses that is more

Many case studies result from

Theory development in observational or archival research

Psychology and Science

Developing a Research Question

Ethics in Research

Writing in Psychology

Variables

Tabular and Graphical Description of Data

Validity

Control

Nonexperimental Research, part 2: Survey Research

True Experiments, part 1: Single-Factor Designs

True Experiments, part 2: Factorial Designs

Single-Subject Experiments

Quasi Experiments

Biases and Limitations of Experimental Psychology

Filters