Question 1

Which means of genetic recombination in bacteria often makes use of pili?

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation 
B)  transduction 
C)  conjugation 
D)  both transformation and transduction 
E)  translocation 
A)  transformation 
B)  transduction 
C)  conjugation 
D)  both transformation and transduction 
E)  translocation

Question 2

Support for the endosymbiotic hypothesis is provided by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  double membranes around mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
B)  mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genomes. 
C)  mitochondria and chloroplasts can synthesize proteins. 
D)  mitochondria and chloroplast ribosomes are encoded by genes that are very similar to bacterial ribosome genes. 
E)  mitochondria and chloroplasts contribute to different metabolic processes in the eukaryotic cell. 
A)  double membranes around mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
B)  mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genomes. 
C)  mitochondria and chloroplasts can synthesize proteins. 
D)  mitochondria and chloroplast ribosomes are encoded by genes that are very similar to bacterial ribosome genes. 
E)  mitochondria and chloroplasts contribute to different metabolic processes in the eukaryotic cell.

Question 3

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) damages and kills susceptible citrus trees around the world. It can by spread by grafting of infected plants; and by aphids, insects with piercing mouthparts that they use to suck fluid from plants. Which of the following would not limit the spread of CTV?

Accepted Answer

A)  use of insecticides to control the aphids 
B)  destruction of infected plants 
C)  production of transgenic citrus lines using genes from resistant plants 
D)  quarantine of fields with infected plants 
E)  application of antibiotic drugs to citrus plants 
A)  use of insecticides to control the aphids 
B)  destruction of infected plants 
C)  production of transgenic citrus lines using genes from resistant plants 
D)  quarantine of fields with infected plants 
E)  application of antibiotic drugs to citrus plants

Question 4

Without bacteria in the environment

Accepted Answer

A)  adequate amounts of carbon would not be available to living organisms. 
B)  plants would not be able to grow due to lack of nitrogen. 
C)  bioremediation would have limited use as a tool to clean up pollutants. 
D)  there would be a shortage of decomposer organisms. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  adequate amounts of carbon would not be available to living organisms. 
B)  plants would not be able to grow due to lack of nitrogen. 
C)  bioremediation would have limited use as a tool to clean up pollutants. 
D)  there would be a shortage of decomposer organisms. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

One group of protozoans which are non-motile, produce spores, and have disease-causing species is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  foraminiferans 
B)  trypanosomes 
C)  sporozoans 
D)  amoeboids 
E)  radiolarians 
A)  foraminiferans 
B)  trypanosomes 
C)  sporozoans 
D)  amoeboids 
E)  radiolarians

Question 6

Retroviruses _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contain DNA 
B)  contain reverse transcriptase 
C)  produce RNA from DNA 
D)  only invade plants 
E)  produce protein directly from DNA 
A)  contain DNA 
B)  contain reverse transcriptase 
C)  produce RNA from DNA 
D)  only invade plants 
E)  produce protein directly from DNA

Question 7

Your task as a researcher is to develop a new drug to prevent retrovirus infections in newly exposed individuals. Which of the means listed is likely to be the most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking enzyme action 
B)  destroying the viral genome 
C)  dissolving the capsid 
D)  preventing conjugation 
E)  disrupting the viral envelope 
A)  blocking enzyme action 
B)  destroying the viral genome 
C)  dissolving the capsid 
D)  preventing conjugation 
E)  disrupting the viral envelope

Question 8

Which of the following contains no photosynthetic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  protists 
B)  bacteria 
C)  archaea 
D)  zooflagellates 
E)  prokaryotes 
A)  protists 
B)  bacteria 
C)  archaea 
D)  zooflagellates 
E)  prokaryotes

Question 9

Colchicine is a drug that blocks formation of the mitotic spindle apparatus. What would you expect if you applied colchicine to a petri dish of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria would be unable to divide, because they could not form the spindle apparatus for mitosis. 
B)  The bacteria would continue to divide, because they carry out mitosis without a spindle apparatus. 
C)  The bacteria would continue to divide, because they carry out binary fission, which does not require a spindle apparatus. 
D)  The bacteria would be unable to divide, because they would be unable to form new cell wall partitions. 
E)  The bacteria would increase their rate of mitosis, so the number of cells would rapidly increase. 
A)  The bacteria would be unable to divide, because they could not form the spindle apparatus for mitosis. 
B)  The bacteria would continue to divide, because they carry out mitosis without a spindle apparatus. 
C)  The bacteria would continue to divide, because they carry out binary fission, which does not require a spindle apparatus. 
D)  The bacteria would be unable to divide, because they would be unable to form new cell wall partitions. 
E)  The bacteria would increase their rate of mitosis, so the number of cells would rapidly increase.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is incorrect for all viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses have an inner core of nucleic acid. 
B)  Viruses have a protein capsid. 
C)  Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. 
D)  Viruses have envelopes. 
E)  Viral genomes may consist of either DNA or RNA. 
A)  Viruses have an inner core of nucleic acid. 
B)  Viruses have a protein capsid. 
C)  Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. 
D)  Viruses have envelopes. 
E)  Viral genomes may consist of either DNA or RNA.

Question 11

Which statement about slime molds and water molds is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are eukaryotes. 
B)  Both have flagellated cells at some time in their life cycles. 
C)  Both form spores. 
D)  Both are chemoheterotrophs. 
E)  Both are fungi. 
A)  Both are eukaryotes. 
B)  Both have flagellated cells at some time in their life cycles. 
C)  Both form spores. 
D)  Both are chemoheterotrophs. 
E)  Both are fungi.

Question 12

What evidence helps supports the endosymbiosis theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  a single membrane around the nucleus within a cell 
B)  a double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell 
C)  a single membrane surrounding the mitochondria 
D)  a single membrane surrounding the chloroplast 
E)  a double membrane surrounding the mitochnodria and chloroplast 
A)  a single membrane around the nucleus within a cell 
B)  a double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell 
C)  a single membrane surrounding the mitochondria 
D)  a single membrane surrounding the chloroplast 
E)  a double membrane surrounding the mitochnodria and chloroplast

Question 13

A chain of spherical bacterial cells is called a ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  streptococcus 
B)  staphylococcus 
C)  streptobacillus 
D)  diplococcus 
E)  streptospirillum 
A)  streptococcus 
B)  staphylococcus 
C)  streptobacillus 
D)  diplococcus 
E)  streptospirillum

Question 14

Viroids and prions are alike in that both are infectious ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell types 
B)  proteins 
C)  molecules 
D)  DNA 
E)  RNA 
A)  cell types 
B)  proteins 
C)  molecules 
D)  DNA 
E)  RNA

Question 15

Which sporozoan characteristic is most consistent with a parasitic lifestyle?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of motility 
B)  chemoheterotrophism 
C)  unicellular 
D)  lack of light-absorbing pigment 
E)  eukaryotic 
A)  lack of motility 
B)  chemoheterotrophism 
C)  unicellular 
D)  lack of light-absorbing pigment 
E)  eukaryotic

Question 16

A virus is specific to a particular type of host cell because

Accepted Answer

A)  only certain hosts enter the environment inhabited by the virus. 
B)  not every virus contains metabolic machinery which can replace that of the host cell. 
C)  a glycoprotein spike or a portion of the capsid adheres to a receptor on the surface of a compatible host cell. 
D)  a host cell must be malfunctioning, or a virus cannot infect it. 
E)  the genome of the virus must be similar to that of its potential host. 
A)  only certain hosts enter the environment inhabited by the virus. 
B)  not every virus contains metabolic machinery which can replace that of the host cell. 
C)  a glycoprotein spike or a portion of the capsid adheres to a receptor on the surface of a compatible host cell. 
D)  a host cell must be malfunctioning, or a virus cannot infect it. 
E)  the genome of the virus must be similar to that of its potential host.

Question 17

Some bacteria carry out a metabolic process known as fermentation, and

Accepted Answer

A)  consume acids. 
B)  produce acids. 
C)  produce oxygen. 
D)  consume oxygen. 
E)  consume both acids and oxygen. 
A)  consume acids. 
B)  produce acids. 
C)  produce oxygen. 
D)  consume oxygen. 
E)  consume both acids and oxygen.

Exam 17: The Microorganisms: Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

Which means of genetic recombination in bacteria often makes use of pili?

Support for the endosymbiotic hypothesis is provided by all of the following except

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) damages and kills susceptible citrus trees around the world. It can by spread by grafting of infected plants; and by aphids, insects with piercing mouthparts that they use to suck fluid from plants. Which of the following would not limit the spread of CTV?

Without bacteria in the environment

One group of protozoans which are non-motile, produce spores, and have disease-causing species is the ________.

Retroviruses _____________.

Your task as a researcher is to develop a new drug to prevent retrovirus infections in newly exposed individuals. Which of the means listed is likely to be the most effective?

Which of the following contains no photosynthetic organisms?

Colchicine is a drug that blocks formation of the mitotic spindle apparatus. What would you expect if you applied colchicine to a petri dish of bacteria?

Which of the following statements is incorrect for all viruses?

Which statement about slime molds and water molds is incorrect?

What evidence helps supports the endosymbiosis theory?

A chain of spherical bacterial cells is called a ___________.

Viroids and prions are alike in that both are infectious ________.

Which sporozoan characteristic is most consistent with a parasitic lifestyle?

A virus is specific to a particular type of host cell because

Some bacteria carry out a metabolic process known as fermentation, and

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