Exam 16: Nonparametric Statistics

Rather than comparing groups in terms of their means,nonparametric tests compare groups in terms of differences between ____________________ of scores.

Most of the parametric tests that we have considered have a nonparametric counterpart in the sense that the structure of the _____ is comparable across the two methods of analysis.

Friedman analysis of variance by ranks involves first rank ordering the means for each experimental group.

Under what conditions is the Wilcoxon signed-rank test used to analyze the relationship between two variables?

How are tied values dealt with when applying a nonparametric test?

Which of the following is not a requirement for the Mann-Whitney U?

The Spearman rank-order correlation is a nonparametric alternative to which parametric test?

The computational procedures for the nonparametric procedures discussed in the text will be the same regardless of whether scores are ranked from low to high or from high to low.

In the nonparametric counterpart to the independent groups t test,when samples sizes for one or both groups are smaller than 10,the ____________________ test should be used.

According to the assumptions of the rank tests,ties are viewed as the result of

For all of the nonparametric tests presented in chapter 16,determining the nature of the relationship involves a comparison of mean ranks to see which is higher/lower.

In the Wilcoxon rank sum test,when sample sizes for two groups are equal,the null hypothesis is

The strength of the relationship following a statistically significant ______ can be analyzed using the concordance coefficient.

Under what conditions is the Spearman rank-order correlation used to analyze the relationship between two variables?

A researcher is interested in the relationship between the walkability of various cities (defined as how easy it is for residents to walk places as opposed to driving)and obesity rates for residents of these cities.An index is created to measure walkability which can range from 1-7,and 20 major cities in the United States are measured.For each city obesity rates per 1000 people were obtained.Data are in the table below,as well as the rankings for each variable,and difference scores. SD² = 2350 a.Calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient for the above data set. b.What are the degrees of freedom for this example. c.Convert the Spearman correlation coefficient to a t score. d.Using a critical value of $\pm$ 2.101,describe the statistical conclusion regarding the null hypothesis,and describe the strength and nature of the relationship.

_____ statistical tests are a class of statistics that,in general,make few,if any,distributional assumptions

The Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Mann-Whitney U test are the nonparametric counterparts of the:

A researcher examined the relationship between gender and attitudes toward drinking alcohol.The researcher obtained the following data: Compared to a critical value of 2.0,the decision should be to _____ because the observed value is _____ than the critical value.

Nonparametric statistical tests are a class of statistics that,in general,make fewer distributional assumptions than parametric statistics.

Spearman rank-order correlation,more simply known as Spearman correlation,is a nonparametric counterpart of Pearson correlation.