Question 1

To compare correlations with each other,the proportionate reduction in error can be figured by

Accepted Answer

A) multiplying each correlation coefficient by 10. 
B) calculating the square root of each correlation coefficient. 
C) squaring each correlation coefficient. 
D) multiplying each correlation coefficient by 2. 
A) multiplying each correlation coefficient by 10. 
B) calculating the square root of each correlation coefficient. 
C) squaring each correlation coefficient. 
D) multiplying each correlation coefficient by 2. C

Question 2

Two or more identical pairs of scores can be identified on a scatter diagram by __________.

Accepted Answer

A
 number in lieu of a dot; two dots next to one another (preferably touching)

Question 3

When figuring a correlation coefficient,the absolute value of the summed cross-products

Accepted Answer

A) gets larger when the scores of more people are included in the analysis. 
B) gets smaller as the variance of the scores for each variable increases. 
C) gets larger as the measurement scale for each variable becomes more restricted. 
D) is negative when the scores of large numbers of people are included in the analysis. 
A) gets larger when the scores of more people are included in the analysis. 
B) gets smaller as the variance of the scores for each variable increases. 
C) gets larger as the measurement scale for each variable becomes more restricted. 
D) is negative when the scores of large numbers of people are included in the analysis. A

Question 4

When making a scatter diagram,

Accepted Answer

A) the values on the vertical axis go from highest at the bottom to lowest at the top. 
B) the overall shape should be roughly square. 
C) two dots are used to mark each score. 
D) outlying values are excluded to maintain the proper shape. 
A) the values on the vertical axis go from highest at the bottom to lowest at the top. 
B) the overall shape should be roughly square. 
C) two dots are used to mark each score. 
D) outlying values are excluded to maintain the proper shape.

Question 5

When correlations are reported in a research article,which of the following information is least likely to be provided?

Accepted Answer

A) the value of r 
B) the significance level 
C) the Z scores 
D) a correlation matrix 
A) the value of r 
B) the significance level 
C) the Z scores 
D) a correlation matrix

Question 6

Correlations will be lower if one or both of the variables are measured with tests or inventories that are __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Correlations will be lower if one or...

Question 7

Under what conditions can the possibility that Y causes X be ruled out when two variables,X and Y,are strongly correlated?

Accepted Answer

A) if the correlation is positive 
B) if the correlation is negative 
C) if X occurs before Y 
D) if Y occurs before X 
A) if the correlation is positive 
B) if the correlation is negative 
C) if X occurs before Y 
D) if Y occurs before X

Question 8

A scatter diagram

Accepted Answer

A) is a bar graph that shows the frequencies of the different values in a distribution. 
B) is a line graph that looks like a mountain-peak skyline and shows the frequencies of the different values in a distribution. 
C) shows the relation of two variables as dots in a two-dimensional graph. 
D) is also called a random distribution frequency plot. 
A) is a bar graph that shows the frequencies of the different values in a distribution. 
B) is a line graph that looks like a mountain-peak skyline and shows the frequencies of the different values in a distribution. 
C) shows the relation of two variables as dots in a two-dimensional graph. 
D) is also called a random distribution frequency plot.

Question 9

If a study finds that the scarier the movie a person is watching,the more popcorn the person will eat,the relationship between scariness and popcorn is an example of a(n)__________ correlation.

Accepted Answer

positive,p

Question 10

Spearman's rho handles curvilinearity in the relation between two variables by first converting all scores to

Accepted Answer

A) ranks. 
B) deviation scores. 
C) Z scores. 
D) logs of the original scores. 
A) ranks. 
B) deviation scores. 
C) Z scores. 
D) logs of the original scores.

Question 11

Using a standard power table,what is the approximate power of each of the following studies that will use correlation and the .05 significance level?

Accepted Answer

@#IMG-DLM& A).15 B).

Question 12

The term for the subjective overestimation of the strength of the relationship between two variables is

Accepted Answer

A) illusory correlation. 
B) negative correlation. 
C) positive correlation. 
D) inflated correlation. 
A) illusory correlation. 
B) negative correlation. 
C) positive correlation. 
D) inflated correlation.

Question 13

A statistically significant correlation means that it is unlikely that a correlation this high would have been observed in the group studied if the correlation were in fact zero for __________.

Accepted Answer

people in

Question 14

The shape of a scatter diagram should be __________.

Accepted Answer

roughly sq

Question 15

The difference between a positive correlation and a negative correlation is that

Accepted Answer

A) in a negative correlation,high scores go with high scores and low with low; in a positive correlation,high scores go with low scores and low with high. 
B) in a negative correlation,high scores go with low scores and low with high; in a positive correlation,high scores go with high scores and low with low. 
C) negative correlations are curvilinear; positive correlations are straight lines. 
D) negative correlations represent a weak relationship; positive correlations represent a strong relationship. 
A) in a negative correlation,high scores go with high scores and low with low; in a positive correlation,high scores go with low scores and low with high. 
B) in a negative correlation,high scores go with low scores and low with high; in a positive correlation,high scores go with high scores and low with low. 
C) negative correlations are curvilinear; positive correlations are straight lines. 
D) negative correlations represent a weak relationship; positive correlations represent a strong relationship.

Question 16

The t test for the correlation coefficient

Accepted Answer

A) is robust to moderate violations of its assumptions. 
B) is robust to even extreme violations of its assumptions. 
C) is slightly less robust than other t tests to violations of its assumptions. 
D) is much less robust than other t tests to violations of its assumptions. 
A) is robust to moderate violations of its assumptions. 
B) is robust to even extreme violations of its assumptions. 
C) is slightly less robust than other t tests to violations of its assumptions. 
D) is much less robust than other t tests to violations of its assumptions.

Question 17

A graphic display of the pattern of relationship between two variables is a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

scatter di

Question 18

Which of the following calculations is necessary for figuring the correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A) finding the grand mean 
B) finding the cross-products of each person's X and Y raw scores 
C) finding the means of X and Y 
D) finding the difference between each person's X and Y raw scores 
A) finding the grand mean 
B) finding the cross-products of each person's X and Y raw scores 
C) finding the means of X and Y 
D) finding the difference between each person's X and Y raw scores

Question 19

In a scatter diagram,the variable thought to be the cause or the predictor goes on the __________ axis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a scatter diagram,the variable thought to...

Question 20

When testing the significance of the correlation coefficient,the null hypothesis is usually that in the population,the true correlation

Accepted Answer

A) is less than 1. 
B) is zero. 
C) is greater than the actual correlation. 
D) is less than the actual correlation. 
A) is less than 1. 
B) is zero. 
C) is greater than the actual correlation. 
D) is less than the actual correlation.

To compare correlations with each other,the proportionate reduction in error can be figured by

Two or more identical pairs of scores can be identified on a scatter diagram by __________.

When figuring a correlation coefficient,the absolute value of the summed cross-products

When making a scatter diagram,

When correlations are reported in a research article,which of the following information is least likely to be provided?

Correlations will be lower if one or both of the variables are measured with tests or inventories that are __________.

Under what conditions can the possibility that Y causes X be ruled out when two variables,X and Y,are strongly correlated?

A scatter diagram

If a study finds that the scarier the movie a person is watching,the more popcorn the person will eat,the relationship between scariness and popcorn is an example of a(n)__________ correlation.

Spearman's rho handles curvilinearity in the relation between two variables by first converting all scores to

Using a standard power table,what is the approximate power of each of the following studies that will use correlation and the .05 significance level?

The term for the subjective overestimation of the strength of the relationship between two variables is

A statistically significant correlation means that it is unlikely that a correlation this high would have been observed in the group studied if the correlation were in fact zero for __________.

The shape of a scatter diagram should be __________.

The difference between a positive correlation and a negative correlation is that

The t test for the correlation coefficient

A graphic display of the pattern of relationship between two variables is a(n)__________.

Which of the following calculations is necessary for figuring the correlation coefficient?

In a scatter diagram,the variable thought to be the cause or the predictor goes on the __________ axis.

When testing the significance of the correlation coefficient,the null hypothesis is usually that in the population,the true correlation

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers

Central Tendency and Variability

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: Z Scores,the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance:decision Errors, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

Introduction to T Tests: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Factorial Analysis of Variance

Prediction

Chi-Square Tests

Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests

The General Linear Model and Making Sense of Advanced Statistical Procedures in Research Articles

Filters

Exam 11: Correlation

To compare correlations with each other,the proportionate reduction in error can be figured by

Two or more identical pairs of scores can be identified on a scatter diagram by __________.

When figuring a correlation coefficient,the absolute value of the summed cross-products

When making a scatter diagram,

When correlations are reported in a research article,which of the following information is least likely to be provided?

Correlations will be lower if one or both of the variables are measured with tests or inventories that are __________.

Under what conditions can the possibility that Y causes X be ruled out when two variables,X and Y,are strongly correlated?

A scatter diagram

If a study finds that the scarier the movie a person is watching,the more popcorn the person will eat,the relationship between scariness and popcorn is an example of a(n)__________ correlation.

Spearman's rho handles curvilinearity in the relation between two variables by first converting all scores to

Using a standard power table,what is the approximate power of each of the following studies that will use correlation and the .05 significance level?

The term for the subjective overestimation of the strength of the relationship between two variables is

A statistically significant correlation means that it is unlikely that a correlation this high would have been observed in the group studied if the correlation were in fact zero for __________.

The shape of a scatter diagram should be __________.

The difference between a positive correlation and a negative correlation is that

The t test for the correlation coefficient

A graphic display of the pattern of relationship between two variables is a(n)__________.

Which of the following calculations is necessary for figuring the correlation coefficient?

In a scatter diagram,the variable thought to be the cause or the predictor goes on the __________ axis.

When testing the significance of the correlation coefficient,the null hypothesis is usually that in the population,the true correlation

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers

Central Tendency and Variability

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: Z Scores,the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance:decision Errors, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

Introduction to T Tests: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Factorial Analysis of Variance

Prediction

Chi-Square Tests

Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests

The General Linear Model and Making Sense of Advanced Statistical Procedures in Research Articles

Filters