Question 1

The power of a study testing hypotheses using the chi-square test of independence is determined by significance level,degrees of freedom,sample size,and __________.

Accepted Answer

effect size,phi,Cramer's phi

Question 2

The distribution that is always greater than 0 and positively skewed is the distribution for

Accepted Answer

A) Z . 
B) t . 
C) χ2 . 
D) U . 
A) Z . 
B) t . 
C) χ2 . 
D) U . C

Question 3

A clinical psychologist conducted a study in which women rated their sense of humor as high,medium,or low,and then stated whether they believed they were generally disliked or liked.The results and an excerpt from this fictitious study follow: Observed (and Expected)Frequencies   Excerpt: "A chi-square test for independence was conducted to see if the extent to which participants found themselves to be funny was related to whether they thought others liked or disliked them.The result was significant,χS1U1P12S1S1P0 (2,N = 68)= 8.94,p < .05."
-Of the women who rated their humor as medium,__________% also thought they were disliked.

Accepted Answer

7/18 = .39 or 39%

Question 4

Which calculation is necessary for figuring the chi-square statistic?

Accepted Answer

A) dividing the absolute differences between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequency in each cell 
B) dividing the absolute differences between observed and expected frequencies by the observed frequency in each cell 
C) dividing the squared differences between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequency in each cell 
D) dividing the squared differences between observed and expected frequencies by the observed frequency in each cell 
A) dividing the absolute differences between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequency in each cell 
B) dividing the absolute differences between observed and expected frequencies by the observed frequency in each cell 
C) dividing the squared differences between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequency in each cell 
D) dividing the squared differences between observed and expected frequencies by the observed frequency in each cell

Question 5

A chi-square test would be appropriate for examining the relationship between

Accepted Answer

A) gender (male or female)and political orientation (measured on a 5-point Likert scale). 
B) gender (male or female)and political orientation (conservative,liberal,or other). 
C) education (in years)and political orientation (measured on a 5-point Likert scale). 
D) education (in years)and political orientation (conservative,liberal,or other). 
A) gender (male or female)and political orientation (measured on a 5-point Likert scale). 
B) gender (male or female)and political orientation (conservative,liberal,or other). 
C) education (in years)and political orientation (measured on a 5-point Likert scale). 
D) education (in years)and political orientation (conservative,liberal,or other).

Question 6

Complete the following formula: φ = __________.(Use symbols.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete the following formula: φ = __________.(Use...

Question 7

The main idea of a chi-square test is to

Accepted Answer

A) test the estimated degree of fit (proportion of variance accounted for)of one variable to the other variable. 
B) compare the estimated population means,to see if they vary from each other by more than chance. 
C) compare estimated population variances,to see if they vary from each other by more than chance. 
D) test how well the pattern of observed frequencies fits some expected pattern of frequencies. 
A) test the estimated degree of fit (proportion of variance accounted for)of one variable to the other variable. 
B) compare the estimated population means,to see if they vary from each other by more than chance. 
C) compare estimated population variances,to see if they vary from each other by more than chance. 
D) test how well the pattern of observed frequencies fits some expected pattern of frequencies.

Question 8

In a chi-square test,the variables are

Accepted Answer

A) rank-order. 
B) equal-interval. 
C) quantitative. 
D) nominal. 
A) rank-order. 
B) equal-interval. 
C) quantitative. 
D) nominal.

Question 9

The formula for Cramer's phi statistic is

Accepted Answer

A) √(χ2/N/dfSmaller). 
B) √(χ2/df). 
C) √(χ2/N). 
D) √[χ2/(N)(dfSmaller)] . 
A) √(χ2/N/dfSmaller). 
B) √(χ2/df). 
C) √(χ2/N). 
D) √[χ2/(N)(dfSmaller)] .

Question 10

In a chi-square test for goodness of fit,the null hypothesis is that

Accepted Answer

A) the number of people in one category is no greater than the number of people in the other. 
B) the variances of the populations of categories are the same. 
C) the proportion of people over categories breaks down the same for the two populations. 
D) the means of the two populations of categories are the same. 
A) the number of people in one category is no greater than the number of people in the other. 
B) the variances of the populations of categories are the same. 
C) the proportion of people over categories breaks down the same for the two populations. 
D) the means of the two populations of categories are the same.

Question 11

The values in a chi-square distribution are always greater than 0 and

Accepted Answer

A) are normally distributed. 
B) less than 1. 
C) can be quite large. 
D) are negatively skewed. 
A) are normally distributed. 
B) less than 1. 
C) can be quite large. 
D) are negatively skewed.

Question 12

Sandy was interested in whether her friends' responses to a Facebook event invitation (definite yes,definite no,maybe,no response)would differ depending on their primary method of travel (car or train).The results are displayed in the following table.Using the .05 significance level,is type of response related to type of travel?   a.Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b.Sketch the chi-square distribution.Be sure your sketch gives a rough indication of its shape and shows the cutoff score and the sample's score.
c.Explain the logic of what you have done to a person who is familiar with the logic and steps of hypothesis testing for the t test and analysis of variance,but who knows nothing about chi-square tests.Be sure your explanation includes the logic of figuring the chi-square statistic,determining the degrees of freedom,describing the shape of the chi-square distribution,and using the chi-square table.
d.Figure a measure of effect size and indicate whether it is small,medium,or large.

Accepted Answer

A) @#IMG-DLM& Do not reject the null hyp

Question 13

When carrying out a chi-square test for independence,a good check on the arithmetic in figuring the expected frequencies is to make sure that

Accepted Answer

A) the expected frequency of each cell is no larger than the observed frequency. 
B) the sum of all the expected frequencies times the degrees of freedom equals the sum of all the observed frequencies. 
C) within any one row or column,the sum of the observed frequencies and the sum of the expected frequencies are the same. 
D) the sum of all the expected frequencies for each row equals the sum of all the observed frequencies for each column minus 1. 
A) the expected frequency of each cell is no larger than the observed frequency. 
B) the sum of all the expected frequencies times the degrees of freedom equals the sum of all the observed frequencies. 
C) within any one row or column,the sum of the observed frequencies and the sum of the expected frequencies are the same. 
D) the sum of all the expected frequencies for each row equals the sum of all the observed frequencies for each column minus 1.

Question 14

A school psychologist surveyed 75 students (both boys and girls) who had been reported as "bullies" and asked them which bullying method they used most often: physical, verbal, psychological, or cyber-bullying. The results and an excerpt from this fictitious study follow:  
Excerpt: "Based on a chi-square test for independence, there was a significant association between gender and bullying method, χS1U1P12S1S1P0 (3, N = 75) = 11.85, p < .05."
-What proportion of boys indicated that verbal or cyber bullying was their primary method?

Accepted Answer

A) (8+6)/30 = .47 
B) (7+5)/30 = .40 
C) (8+6)/75 = .19 
D) (7+5)/75 = .16 
A) (8+6)/30 = .47 
B) (7+5)/30 = .40 
C) (8+6)/75 = .19 
D) (7+5)/75 = .16

Question 15

The main assumption of a chi-square test is that __________.

Accepted Answer

All scores (e.g.,peo

Question 16

A contingency table is a table in which

Accepted Answer

A) the distributions of two nominal variables are laid out so that you have the frequencies of their combinations and totals can be seen. 
B) chi-squares for each category are displayed over each level of the predictor variable. 
C) χ2 distributions are translated into t distributions. 
D) χ2 distributions are translated into F distributions. 
A) the distributions of two nominal variables are laid out so that you have the frequencies of their combinations and totals can be seen. 
B) chi-squares for each category are displayed over each level of the predictor variable. 
C) χ2 distributions are translated into t distributions. 
D) χ2 distributions are translated into F distributions.

Question 17

The phi coefficient is

Accepted Answer

A) always less than 0. 
B) √(χ2/N). 
C) always greater than 1. 
D) always less than 1. 
A) always less than 0. 
B) √(χ2/N). 
C) always greater than 1. 
D) always less than 1.

Question 18

"(NColumns-1)(NRows-1)" is the formula for the degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for __________.

Accepted Answer

Question 19

When a chi-square test is reported in a research article,which information is typically missing?

Accepted Answer

A) the degrees of freedom 
B) the number of observed cases in each cell 
C) the significance of χ2 
D) the expected value for each cell 
A) the degrees of freedom 
B) the number of observed cases in each cell 
C) the significance of χ2 
D) the expected value for each cell

Question 20

In a study with a 3 × 2 design,φ and Cramer's φ

Accepted Answer

A) are equivalent. 
B) are equivalent if φ is divided by 2. 
C) are equivalent if φ is divided by √2. 
D) are unrelated. 
A) are equivalent. 
B) are equivalent if φ is divided by 2. 
C) are equivalent if φ is divided by √2. 
D) are unrelated.

The power of a study testing hypotheses using the chi-square test of independence is determined by significance level,degrees of freedom,sample size,and __________.

The distribution that is always greater than 0 and positively skewed is the distribution for

Which calculation is necessary for figuring the chi-square statistic?

A chi-square test would be appropriate for examining the relationship between

Complete the following formula: φ = __________.(Use symbols.)

The main idea of a chi-square test is to

In a chi-square test,the variables are

The formula for Cramer's phi statistic is

In a chi-square test for goodness of fit,the null hypothesis is that

The values in a chi-square distribution are always greater than 0 and

When carrying out a chi-square test for independence,a good check on the arithmetic in figuring the expected frequencies is to make sure that

The main assumption of a chi-square test is that __________.

A contingency table is a table in which

The phi coefficient is

"(N_Columns-1)(N_Rows-1)" is the formula for the degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for __________.

When a chi-square test is reported in a research article,which information is typically missing?

In a study with a 3 × 2 design,φ and Cramer's φ

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers

Central Tendency and Variability

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: Z Scores,the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance:decision Errors, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

Introduction to T Tests: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Factorial Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Prediction

Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests

The General Linear Model and Making Sense of Advanced Statistical Procedures in Research Articles

Filters

Exam 13: Chi-Square Tests

The power of a study testing hypotheses using the chi-square test of independence is determined by significance level,degrees of freedom,sample size,and __________.

The distribution that is always greater than 0 and positively skewed is the distribution for

Which calculation is necessary for figuring the chi-square statistic?

A chi-square test would be appropriate for examining the relationship between

Complete the following formula: φ = __________.(Use symbols.)

The main idea of a chi-square test is to

In a chi-square test,the variables are

The formula for Cramer's phi statistic is

In a chi-square test for goodness of fit,the null hypothesis is that

The values in a chi-square distribution are always greater than 0 and

When carrying out a chi-square test for independence,a good check on the arithmetic in figuring the expected frequencies is to make sure that

The main assumption of a chi-square test is that __________.

A contingency table is a table in which

The phi coefficient is

"(NColumns-1)(NRows-1)" is the formula for the degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for __________.

When a chi-square test is reported in a research article,which information is typically missing?

In a study with a 3 × 2 design,φ and Cramer's φ

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers

Central Tendency and Variability

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: Z Scores,the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance:decision Errors, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

Introduction to T Tests: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Factorial Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Prediction

Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests

The General Linear Model and Making Sense of Advanced Statistical Procedures in Research Articles

Filters

"(N_Columns-1)(N_Rows-1)" is the formula for the degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for __________.