Exam 4: The Cell Cycle

If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and the nucleolus has disappeared from view, you may surmise that the cell is in

Match the following structures with the proper description. 13. __ centromers 14. __chromosomme 15. __ Kinetochore 16. __ chromatid A. separate, duplicated structures composed of DNA visible under the microscope B. a duplicated strand of DNA held to ts duplicate by a centromers C. a proteinaceous bard holding duplicate copies of the genetic material D. a structure that holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers

The process in which the cell actually divides is called

Describe the function of the mitotic spindle.

If an organism's diploid chromosome number is 18, how many different possible combinations of homologous chromosomes lining up during meiosis exist for the eggs or sperm produced by that organism?

In humans, a gene that has been identified as causing a type of skin cancer is the

Special cells found in the gonads that give rise to gametes upon division are called

Match the following phases of the cell cycle with the appropriate activity. 9. ___ $G$ 10. ___ $G_2$ 11. ___M 12. ___ $S$ A. DNA is replicated. B. The cell divides, C. Each orgarelle divides in half. D. Proteins necessary for mitosis are formed. E. New proteins and cell components are made.

Describe the events that occur during metaphase.

The text discusses at least two chemotheraputic drugs used for treating cancer. Can you describe how these drugs were originally obtained? Use your answer to provide one rationale for preserving the diversity of species on the planet.

Why are chemotherapy and radiation therapy more effective on cancerous cells than normal cells?

If a normal cell contains 36 chromosomes, how many chromatids are present during alignment? How many strands of DNA? How many genetically unique strands of DNA?

Give a short, concise description of the difference between mitosis and meiosis.

Explain why radiation affects cancerous cells to a greater degree than noncancerous cells.

The gene that is disrupted to cause Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome in humans is closely related to a gene in a species of fruit fly. What does this tell you about the diversity of life-forms on the planet and their origin? What does this tell you about the importance of understanding the genetic makeup of all organisms?

How does a person with Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome differ genetically from a person who has developed basal cell carcinomas from too much exposure to sunlight?