Question 1

This type of selection favors both extremes of the phenotype spectrum within a population.

Accepted Answer

A) directional 
B) stabilizing 
C) disruptive 
D) natural 
E) neutral 
A) directional 
B) stabilizing 
C) disruptive 
D) natural 
E) neutral C

Question 2

Describe how mutations can lead to whole populations of bacteria becoming resistant to certain antibiotics.

Accepted Answer

Within a population of bacteria, there will be some genetic variability. Some individuals will have random mutations that provide them with a selective advantage in certain environmental conditions, such as in the presence of antibiotics. In the presence of this antibiotic, those individuals that are better equipped to survive will thrive and multiply, giving rise to a larger contingent of resistant bacteria each succeeding generation.

Question 3

Define and give examples of several vestigial structures.

Accepted Answer

Vestigial structures are structures that were functional in the ancestor of the species, but no longer are used, although present. In many cases, vestigial structures are smaller remnants of the original structure. Vestigial structures include our appendix, coccyx, and wisdom teeth, and remnant hipbones in snakes and whales.

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
nonrandom mating
artificial selection

Accepted Answer

The Answer of favors phenotypes at both extremes and favors is...

Question 5

Match between columns
                        Premises: Humans have a tailbone but no tail.
Certain organisms are only found in certain places on Earth.
A single population of foxes gets split in two, eventually becoming separate species.
Dolphins and sharks are both very powerful swimmers.
A single population of mice moves into a new environment. Over time, five different subpopulations become separate species.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of convergent evolution and divergent evolution and adaptive is...

Question 6

Which of the following is not an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Accepted Answer

A) no mutation 
B) no migration 
C) small population size 
D) random mating 
E) no selection 
A) no mutation 
B) no migration 
C) small population size 
D) random mating 
E) no selection

Question 7

Define and give an example of divergent evolution.

Accepted Answer

Divergent evolution occurs when populati

Question 8

Define and give an example of convergent evolution.

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution occurs when unrelat

Question 9

Vestigial organs

Accepted Answer

A) did not have a function when they first developed, but do so today. 
B) are similar in many organisms. 
C) must have evolved individually in different organisms. 
D) are not found in present-day organisms. 
E) include the human appendix and wisdom teeth and a snake's hipbones. 
A) did not have a function when they first developed, but do so today. 
B) are similar in many organisms. 
C) must have evolved individually in different organisms. 
D) are not found in present-day organisms. 
E) include the human appendix and wisdom teeth and a snake's hipbones.

Question 10

Why would the evolution of a better eye be a disadvantage for a mole?

Accepted Answer

Since a mole does not need good eyesight

Question 11

Match between columns
                        Premises: phyletic gradualism
divergent evolution
convergent evolution
adaptive radiation
punctuated equilibrium

Accepted Answer

The Answer of evolution that occurs at a gradual rate is...

Question 12

On a molecular level, all organisms

Accepted Answer

A) show no similarities. 
B) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, but use different genetic codes. 
C) use different means of storing genetic information. 
D) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, and use the same genetic code. 
E) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, but different amino acids in proteins. 
A) show no similarities. 
B) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, but use different genetic codes. 
C) use different means of storing genetic information. 
D) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, and use the same genetic code. 
E) have the same bases in DNA and RNA, but different amino acids in proteins.

Question 13

An environment that favors individuals with intermediate phenotypes results in what type of selection?

Accepted Answer

A) gradual 
B) punctuated 
C) disruptive 
D) directional 
E) stabilizing 
A) gradual 
B) punctuated 
C) disruptive 
D) directional 
E) stabilizing

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: A single population of mice moves into a new environment. Over time,five different subpopulations become separate species.
Certain organisms are only found in certain places on Earth.
Humans have a tailbone but no tail.
Dolphins and sharks are both very powerful swimmers.
A single population of foxes gets split in two, eventually becoming separate species.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of vestigial organ and biogeography and homologous structure is...

Question 15

Based on genetic comparisons,

Accepted Answer

A) people of different races often have more genetic similarities than many individuals within a race. 
B) humans have a more ancient origin than chimpanzees. 
C) there is much genetic diversity among cheetahs. 
D) among humans, many genetic variations are restricted to certain racial groups. 
E) there is no difference between different races of humans. 
A) people of different races often have more genetic similarities than many individuals within a race. 
B) humans have a more ancient origin than chimpanzees. 
C) there is much genetic diversity among cheetahs. 
D) among humans, many genetic variations are restricted to certain racial groups. 
E) there is no difference between different races of humans.

Question 16

List several types of fossils. Why are they more commonly found in sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

Fossils may occur as mineralized hard pa

Question 17

There are two types of genetic drift. Describe and give an example of the bottleneck effect.

Accepted Answer

When a once abundant population experien

Question 18

How did the concept of biogeography shape Darwin's thinking?

Accepted Answer

The geographic distribution of organisms

Question 19

Which term refers to anatomical features that serve no current function?

Accepted Answer

A) homologous structures 
B) adaptations 
C) original elements 
D) genetic weaknesses 
E) vestigial organs 
A) homologous structures 
B) adaptations 
C) original elements 
D) genetic weaknesses 
E) vestigial organs

Question 20

How would reducing the load of antibiotics in our everyday environment reduce the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

Accepted Answer

In the presence of antibiotics, those mu

Exam 9: The Mechanisms of Evolution

This type of selection favors both extremes of the phenotype spectrum within a population.

Describe how mutations can lead to whole populations of bacteria becoming resistant to certain antibiotics.

Define and give examples of several vestigial structures.

Which of the following is not an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Define and give an example of divergent evolution.

Define and give an example of convergent evolution.

Vestigial organs

Why would the evolution of a better eye be a disadvantage for a mole?

On a molecular level, all organisms

An environment that favors individuals with intermediate phenotypes results in what type of selection?

Based on genetic comparisons,

List several types of fossils. Why are they more commonly found in sedimentary rock?

There are two types of genetic drift. Describe and give an example of the bottleneck effect.

How did the concept of biogeography shape Darwin's thinking?

Which term refers to anatomical features that serve no current function?

How would reducing the load of antibiotics in our everyday environment reduce the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

What Is Life

Cells and the Chemistry of Life

How Cells Take in and Use Energy

The Cell Cycle

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Thread of Life

Genes, Proteins, and Genetic Engineering

Reproduction and Development

Lifes Origins and Biodiversity

Single-Celled Life

Fungi and Plants: Decomposers and Producers

The Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Ecology of Populations and Communities

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Body Function, Survival, and the Steady State

Circulation and Respiration

Defense Against Disease

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Hormones: Messengers of Change

The Nervous System

The Body in Motion

Plant Architecture and Function

Plant Growth, Hormones, and Engineering

The Dynamic Plant

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