Question 1

The formation of new species from populations that are not isolated from each other is called

Accepted Answer

A) convergent evolution. 
B) gene flow. 
C) allopatric speciation. 
D) sympatric speciation. 
E) parapatric speciation. 
A) convergent evolution. 
B) gene flow. 
C) allopatric speciation. 
D) sympatric speciation. 
E) parapatric speciation.

Question 2

When a population is greatly reduced in size and then increases again, there is likely a reduction in genetic diversity within the population. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

A) gene flow 
B) bottleneck effect 
C) founder effect 
D) genetic drift 
E) effective population size 
A) gene flow 
B) bottleneck effect 
C) founder effect 
D) genetic drift 
E) effective population size

Question 3

Jean Baptiste Lamarck developed a hypothesis that has been referred to as "inheritance of acquired characteristics." In it he proposed that

Accepted Answer

A) giraffes were created with long necks. 
B) giraffes with slightly longer necks would be better able to reproduce. 
C) changes in structure size in an individual can be inherited. 
D) all members of a species must change identically. 
E) giraffes developed longer necks to compensate for shorter legs. 
A) giraffes were created with long necks. 
B) giraffes with slightly longer necks would be better able to reproduce. 
C) changes in structure size in an individual can be inherited. 
D) all members of a species must change identically. 
E) giraffes developed longer necks to compensate for shorter legs.

Question 4

Darwin's ideas on evolution were based on a number of observations. Among the most important observation was that

Accepted Answer

A) all the types of organisms that have lived on Earth are present today. 
B) individuals within a population are all virtually identical to each other. 
C) there is usually ample food and water for all populations. 
D) when natural resources become scarce, competition occurs between members of the same species. 
E) populations will only produce as many offspring as can be accommodated by the environment. 
A) all the types of organisms that have lived on Earth are present today. 
B) individuals within a population are all virtually identical to each other. 
C) there is usually ample food and water for all populations. 
D) when natural resources become scarce, competition occurs between members of the same species. 
E) populations will only produce as many offspring as can be accommodated by the environment.

Question 5

The evolution of a number of ecologically diverse species from a common ancestral species is

Accepted Answer

A) parapatric speciation. 
B) sympatric speciation. 
C) adaptive radiation. 
D) phyletic gradualism. 
E) convergent evolution. 
A) parapatric speciation. 
B) sympatric speciation. 
C) adaptive radiation. 
D) phyletic gradualism. 
E) convergent evolution.

Question 6

What is genetic diversity? Why is it important to maintain genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

The best responses will include discussi

Question 7

Support for evolution has come from fossil evidence. All of the following statements about the fossil records are true except one. Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) Fossils found in adjacent rock layers are more similar to each other than those found in distant layers. 
B) Many organisms that lived previously were different from today's living organisms. 
C) All types of organisms have left a fossil record. 
D) Different organisms were present at different times in Earth's history. 
E) In general, simpler forms of organisms are found in older rocks; more complex forms in younger rocks. 
A) Fossils found in adjacent rock layers are more similar to each other than those found in distant layers. 
B) Many organisms that lived previously were different from today's living organisms. 
C) All types of organisms have left a fossil record. 
D) Different organisms were present at different times in Earth's history. 
E) In general, simpler forms of organisms are found in older rocks; more complex forms in younger rocks.

Question 8

Define and give an example of adaptive radiation.

Accepted Answer

Adaptive radiation is seen in a populati

Question 9

Match between columns
                        Premises: adaptive radiation
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
phyletic gradualism
punctuated equilibrium

Accepted Answer

The Answer of commonly seen in a population that becomes is...

Question 10

Many biologists believe that macroevolution is just an accumulation of microevolutionary events. Does this mean they assume a gradualist perspective over a punctuated one? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Responses may go either way. A

Question 11

There are two types of genetic drift. Describe and give an example of the founder effect.

Accepted Answer

When a new population is established by

Question 12

The numerous, different species of Hawaiian honeycreepers that can be identified are a classic example of what concept?

Accepted Answer

A) adaptive radiation 
B) convergent evolution 
C) reticulate evolution 
D) homology 
E) punctuated equilibrium 
A) adaptive radiation 
B) convergent evolution 
C) reticulate evolution 
D) homology 
E) punctuated equilibrium

Question 13

We refer to favorable traits within a population as

Accepted Answer

A) selections. 
B) adaptations. 
C) selective. 
D) divergent. 
E) directional. 
A) selections. 
B) adaptations. 
C) selective. 
D) divergent. 
E) directional.

Question 14

Random changes in gene frequency that occur in small populations describes the concept of

Accepted Answer

A) genetic drift. 
B) convergent evolution. 
C) adaptive radiation. 
D) sympatric speciation. 
E) parapatric speciation. 
A) genetic drift. 
B) convergent evolution. 
C) adaptive radiation. 
D) sympatric speciation. 
E) parapatric speciation.

Question 15

Explain the basic principle of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

This mathematical model describes the ab

Question 16

What can we learn about evolution from biogeography?

Accepted Answer

The continents are now in positions that

Question 17

Define and give examples of several homologous structures.

Accepted Answer

Classic examples include the forelimbs o

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: stabilizing selection
artificial selection
disruptive selection
nonrandom mating
directional selection

Accepted Answer

The Answer of favors phenotypes at both extremes and may is...

Exam 9: The Mechanisms of Evolution

The formation of new species from populations that are not isolated from each other is called

When a population is greatly reduced in size and then increases again, there is likely a reduction in genetic diversity within the population. What is this phenomenon called?

Jean Baptiste Lamarck developed a hypothesis that has been referred to as "inheritance of acquired characteristics." In it he proposed that

Darwin's ideas on evolution were based on a number of observations. Among the most important observation was that

The evolution of a number of ecologically diverse species from a common ancestral species is

What is genetic diversity? Why is it important to maintain genetic diversity?

Support for evolution has come from fossil evidence. All of the following statements about the fossil records are true except one. Choose the exception.

Define and give an example of adaptive radiation.

Many biologists believe that macroevolution is just an accumulation of microevolutionary events. Does this mean they assume a gradualist perspective over a punctuated one? Why or why not?

There are two types of genetic drift. Describe and give an example of the founder effect.

The numerous, different species of Hawaiian honeycreepers that can be identified are a classic example of what concept?

We refer to favorable traits within a population as

Random changes in gene frequency that occur in small populations describes the concept of

Explain the basic principle of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

What can we learn about evolution from biogeography?

Define and give examples of several homologous structures.

What Is Life

Cells and the Chemistry of Life

How Cells Take in and Use Energy

The Cell Cycle

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Thread of Life

Genes, Proteins, and Genetic Engineering

Reproduction and Development

Lifes Origins and Biodiversity

Single-Celled Life

Fungi and Plants: Decomposers and Producers

The Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Ecology of Populations and Communities

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Body Function, Survival, and the Steady State

Circulation and Respiration

Defense Against Disease

Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Hormones: Messengers of Change

The Nervous System

The Body in Motion

Plant Architecture and Function

Plant Growth, Hormones, and Engineering

The Dynamic Plant

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