Question 1

What process is occurring in Box C?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrification 
B)  decomposition 
C)  denitrification 
D)  nitrogen-fixing 
E)  nitrogen incorporation When nitrogen gas is transformed into ammonium, this is known as nitrogen fixing or nitrogen fixation. 
A)  nitrification 
B)  decomposition 
C)  denitrification 
D)  nitrogen-fixing 
E)  nitrogen incorporation When nitrogen gas is transformed into ammonium, this is known as nitrogen fixing or nitrogen fixation.

Question 2

Ecological succession is

Accepted Answer

A)  a change in communities caused by human activities. 
B)  a stable community that forms after a change. 
C)  an orderly process of change in the community of organisms. 
D)  what happens to a cultivated field every year that crops are planted. 
E)  competition between opportunistic and equilibrium species. 
A)  a change in communities caused by human activities. 
B)  a stable community that forms after a change. 
C)  an orderly process of change in the community of organisms. 
D)  what happens to a cultivated field every year that crops are planted. 
E)  competition between opportunistic and equilibrium species.

Question 3

On average,90% of biomass is transferred from one trophic level to the next.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following correctly lists the progression of species present during primary or secondary succession?

Accepted Answer

A)  fungi, nonvascular plants, gymnosperms, animals 
B)  nonvascular plants, angiosperm, gymnosperms, fungi 
C)  animals, fungi, nonvascular plants, angiosperms 
D)  angiosperms, nonvascular plants, animals, gymnosperms 
E)  gymnosperms, angiosperms, fungi, nonvascular plants 
A)  fungi, nonvascular plants, gymnosperms, animals 
B)  nonvascular plants, angiosperm, gymnosperms, fungi 
C)  animals, fungi, nonvascular plants, angiosperms 
D)  angiosperms, nonvascular plants, animals, gymnosperms 
E)  gymnosperms, angiosperms, fungi, nonvascular plants

Question 5

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  marsh 
B)  tropical rainforest 
C)  temperate rainforest 
D)  prairies 
E)  tundras Tropical rainforests have high rates of rainfall and warm temperatures which provide many varied niches for organisms and much food for consumers. 
A)  marsh 
B)  tropical rainforest 
C)  temperate rainforest 
D)  prairies 
E)  tundras Tropical rainforests have high rates of rainfall and warm temperatures which provide many varied niches for organisms and much food for consumers.

Question 6

When an animal respires,the carbon in the carbon dioxide that it breathes out comes indirectly from

Accepted Answer

A)  the air that the organism breaths in. 
B)  dead and decaying plant matter. 
C)  fossil fuels. 
D)  photosynthesis. 
E)  carbon fixation. When plants photosynthesize, they take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and build organic molecules such as glucose. When an animal eats either plants or animals, the carbohydrates are broken down and carbon dioxide is released as a waste product. These carbohydrates were originally produced via photosynthesis by producers. 
A)  the air that the organism breaths in. 
B)  dead and decaying plant matter. 
C)  fossil fuels. 
D)  photosynthesis. 
E)  carbon fixation. When plants photosynthesize, they take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and build organic molecules such as glucose. When an animal eats either plants or animals, the carbohydrates are broken down and carbon dioxide is released as a waste product. These carbohydrates were originally produced via photosynthesis by producers.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

Accepted Answer

A)  new growth in a forest after a forest fire 
B)  regrowth and recolonization on Mt. St. Helens in areas covered with rock and lava 
C)  a wheat field that is not is allowed to grow wild 
D)  regrowth of vegetation in an area covered by a mud slide after flooding 
E)  colonization of an isolated island by a population of long-horned beetles 
A)  new growth in a forest after a forest fire 
B)  regrowth and recolonization on Mt. St. Helens in areas covered with rock and lava 
C)  a wheat field that is not is allowed to grow wild 
D)  regrowth of vegetation in an area covered by a mud slide after flooding 
E)  colonization of an isolated island by a population of long-horned beetles

Question 8

Based on the figure shown here,which of the following is a secondary consumer?

Accepted Answer

A)  skunk 
B)  owl 
C)  rabbit 
D)  insects 
E)  deer 
A)  skunk 
B)  owl 
C)  rabbit 
D)  insects 
E)  deer

Question 9

What is the main reason that the tundra does not have large plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  The seeds of large plants were never dispersed into these regions. 
B)  The amount of sunlight is not great enough for large plants to survive. 
C)  The amount of rainfall is not enough for large plants to survive. 
D)  The other species of plants have out competed them for resources. 
E)  The permafrost persists, even during the summer. Permafrost is a layer of permanently frozen ground found within the tundra. Even during the summer months and the short growing season this layer of ground will remain frozen. It is the frozen ground that is the greatest limiting factor for the growth of large plants. They cannot establish a root system deep enough into the ground to support them. 
A)  The seeds of large plants were never dispersed into these regions. 
B)  The amount of sunlight is not great enough for large plants to survive. 
C)  The amount of rainfall is not enough for large plants to survive. 
D)  The other species of plants have out competed them for resources. 
E)  The permafrost persists, even during the summer. Permafrost is a layer of permanently frozen ground found within the tundra. Even during the summer months and the short growing season this layer of ground will remain frozen. It is the frozen ground that is the greatest limiting factor for the growth of large plants. They cannot establish a root system deep enough into the ground to support them.

Question 10

Which of the following is an autotroph?

Accepted Answer

A)  rose bush 
B)  lion 
C)  decomposer 
D)  omnivore 
E)  hyena 
A)  rose bush 
B)  lion 
C)  decomposer 
D)  omnivore 
E)  hyena

Question 11

Which of the following would be considered a commensalistic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations" help camouflage the crab and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food. 
B)  Some spiders do not build webs, but live in the web of another species. When a prey item is caught in the web, the non-web building spider will sneak in and steal the prey. 
C)  A praying mantis hunting and eating a fly. 
D)  The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a digestive system, but obtains all of their nutrients from the host. 
E)  Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse. 
A)  Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations" help camouflage the crab and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food. 
B)  Some spiders do not build webs, but live in the web of another species. When a prey item is caught in the web, the non-web building spider will sneak in and steal the prey. 
C)  A praying mantis hunting and eating a fly. 
D)  The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a digestive system, but obtains all of their nutrients from the host. 
E)  Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse.

Question 12

Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperate grasslands 
B)  tundra 
C)  savannah 
D)  tropical rainforest 
E)  coral reef In the tundra, much of the water is frozen so it is unavailable to plants. 
A)  temperate grasslands 
B)  tundra 
C)  savannah 
D)  tropical rainforest 
E)  coral reef In the tundra, much of the water is frozen so it is unavailable to plants.

Question 13

The aquatic ecosystem with the least amount of inorganic matter is

Accepted Answer

A)  estuaries. 
B)  coral reefs. 
C)  open oceans. 
D)  lakes. 
E)  swamps. Aquatic systems are limited by the amount of inorganic matter. Thus the aquatic system with the least amount of inorganic matter is the one that has the lowest primary productivity, which is open oceans. 
A)  estuaries. 
B)  coral reefs. 
C)  open oceans. 
D)  lakes. 
E)  swamps. Aquatic systems are limited by the amount of inorganic matter. Thus the aquatic system with the least amount of inorganic matter is the one that has the lowest primary productivity, which is open oceans.

Question 14

In an aquatic ecosystem,the aquatic plants are eaten by small invertebrates that in turn are eaten by crayfish,the crayfish are eaten by fish,and the fish are eaten by ducks.Based on this,which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)  aquatic plant - producer 
B)  crayfish - secondary consumer 
C)  duck - 4th trophic level 
D)  fish - tertiary consumer 
E)  small invertebrates - 2nd trophic level 
A)  aquatic plant - producer 
B)  crayfish - secondary consumer 
C)  duck - 4th trophic level 
D)  fish - tertiary consumer 
E)  small invertebrates - 2nd trophic level

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of species richness?

Accepted Answer

A)  vultures feeding on the remains of a carcass 
B)  herd of 60 elk, 6 bald eagles and 90 white pine trees 
C)  prairie chickens at a lake competing for access to mates 
D)  diving beetles, blue gill, lilies, water mites, crayfish 
E)  100 kg of vegetation, 10 kg of grasshoppers, 1 kg of spiders 
A)  vultures feeding on the remains of a carcass 
B)  herd of 60 elk, 6 bald eagles and 90 white pine trees 
C)  prairie chickens at a lake competing for access to mates 
D)  diving beetles, blue gill, lilies, water mites, crayfish 
E)  100 kg of vegetation, 10 kg of grasshoppers, 1 kg of spiders

Question 16

Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aquatic; marine 
B)  Aquatic; fresh water 
C)  Aquatic; coral reefs 
D)  Terrestrial; tundra 
E)  Terrestrial; rainforest 
A)  Aquatic; marine 
B)  Aquatic; fresh water 
C)  Aquatic; coral reefs 
D)  Terrestrial; tundra 
E)  Terrestrial; rainforest

Exam 31: Communities and Ecosystems

What process is occurring in Box C?

Ecological succession is

On average,90% of biomass is transferred from one trophic level to the next.

Which of the following correctly lists the progression of species present during primary or secondary succession?

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?

When an animal respires,the carbon in the carbon dioxide that it breathes out comes indirectly from

Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

Based on the figure shown here,which of the following is a secondary consumer?

What is the main reason that the tundra does not have large plants?

Which of the following is an autotroph?

Which of the following would be considered a commensalistic relationship?

Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

The aquatic ecosystem with the least amount of inorganic matter is

In an aquatic ecosystem,the aquatic plants are eaten by small invertebrates that in turn are eaten by crayfish,the crayfish are eaten by fish,and the fish are eaten by ducks.Based on this,which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Which of the following is an example of species richness?

Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?

Biology: The Science of Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Organic Molecules of Life

Inside the Cell

The Dynamic Cell

Energy for Life

Energy for Cells

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and the Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Biology

Biotechnology and Genomics

Genetic Counseling

Darwin and Evolution

Evolution on a Small Scale

Evolution on a Large Scale

The Microorganisms: Viruses, bacteria, and Protists

Land Environment: Plants and Fungi

Both Water and Land: Animals

Plant Anatomy and Growth

Plant Responses and Reproduction

Being Organized and Steady

The Transport Systems

The Maintenance Systems

Human Nutrition

Defenses Against Disease

The Control Systems

Sensory Input and Motor Output

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Ecology and Populations

Human Impact on the Biosphere

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