Borden Enterprises uses standard costing.For the month of April,the company reported the following data: $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Standard direct labour rate } & \$ 10 \text { per hour } \\ \hline \text { Standard hours allowed for actual production } & 8,000 \\ \hline \text { Actual direct labour rate } & \$ 9.50 \text { per hour } \\ \hline \text { Labour efficiency variance } & \$ 4,800 \text { favourable } \\ \hline \end{array}$ What was the labour rate variance for April?

A) $2,850 favourable. B) $2,850 unfavourable. C) $3,760 favourable. D) $3,760 unfavourable. A) $2,850 favourable. B) $2,850 unfavourable. C) $3,760 favourable. D) $3,760 unfavourable.

The Dillon Company makes and sells a single product and uses a flexible budget for overhead to plan and control overhead costs. Overhead costs are applied on the basis of direct labour hours. The standard cost card shows that 5 direct labour hours are required per unit. The Dillon Company had the following budgeted and actual data for March: $\begin{array} { | l | r | r | } \hline & \text { Actual } & \text { Budgeted } \\ \hline \text { Units Produced } & 33,900 & 30,800 \\ \hline \text { Direct Labour Hours } & 161,800 & 154,000 \\ \hline \text { Variable Overhead Costs } & \$ 140,500 & \$ 123,200 \\ \hline \text { Fixed Overhead Costs } & \$ 80,000 & \$ 77,000 \\ \hline \end{array}$ -What was the variable overhead efficiency variance for March?

A) $6,160 favourable. B) $6,160 unfavourable. C) $6,240 favourable. D) $6,240 unfavourable. A) $6,160 favourable. B) $6,160 unfavourable. C) $6,240 favourable. D) $6,240 unfavourable.

$\begin{array}{l} \text { The following labour standards have been established for a particular product: }\\ \begin{array} { | l | r | } \hline \text { Standard labour hours per unit of output } & 7.5 \text { hours } \\ \hline \text { Standard labour rate } & \$ 15.25 \text { per hour } \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l} \text { The following data pertain to operations concerning the product for the last month: }\\ \begin{array} { | l | r | } \hline \text { Actual hours worked } & 9,600 \text { hours } \\ \hline \text { Actual total labour cost } & \$ 144,480 \\ \hline \text { Actual output } & 1,200 \text { units } \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array}$ -What was the labour rate variance for the month?

A) $240 favourable. B) $240 unfavourable. C) $1,920 favourable. D) $1,920 unfavourable. A) $240 favourable. B) $240 unfavourable. C) $1,920 favourable. D) $1,920 unfavourable.

Jaune Company uses a standard cost system that applies manufacturing overhead to units of product on the basis of direct labour hours (DLHs).The following data pertain to last month's operations: $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Budgeted Fixed Overhead Costs } & \$ 5,000 \\ \hline \text { Actual Fixed Overhead Costs } & \$ 5,000 \\ \hline \text { Standard Hours Allowed for Output } & 2,400 \text { DLHs } \\ \hline \text { Predetermined Overhead Rate (\$2 variable }+\$ 3 \text { fixed) } & \$ 5 \text { per DLH } \\ \hline \end{array}$ What was the fixed overhead budget variance?

A) $500 favourable. B) $500 unfavourable. C) $1,700 unfavourable. D) $2,200 unfavourable. A) $500 favourable. B) $500 unfavourable. C) $1,700 unfavourable. D) $2,200 unfavourable.

The Upton Company employs a standard costing system in which variable overhead is assigned to production on the basis of direct labour hours. Data for the month of February include the following: $\begin{array} { | l | r | } \hline \text { Variable manufacturing overhead cost incurred } & \$ 48,700 \\ \hline \text { Total variable overhead variance } & \$ 300 \text { favourable } \\ \hline \text { Standard hours allowed for actual production } & 7,000 \\ \hline \text { Actual direct labour hours worked } & 6,840 \\ \hline \end{array}$ -What was the variable overhead efficiency variance?

A) $430 unfavourable. B) $740 favourable. C) $950 unfavourable. D) $1,120 favourable. A) $430 unfavourable. B) $740 favourable. C) $950 unfavourable. D) $1,120 favourable.

A manufacturing company has a standard costing system based on machine hours (MHs) as the measure of activity. Data from the company's flexible budget for manufacturing overhead are given below: $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Denominator Level of Activity } & 6,100 \mathrm{MHs} \\ \hline \text { Overhead Costs at the Denominator Activity Level: } & \\ \hline \text { Variable Overhead Cost } & \$ 35,075 \\ \hline \text { Fixed Overhead Cost } & \$ 77,775 \\ \hline \end{array}$ The following data pertain to operations for the most recent period: $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Actual Hours } & 6,300 \mathrm{MHs} \\ \hline \text { Standard Hours Allowed for the Actual Output } & 5,994 \mathrm{MHs} \\ \hline \text { Actual Total Variable Overhead Cost } & \$ 36,540 \\ \hline \text { Actual Total Fixed Overhead Cost } & \$ 76,875 \\ \hline \end{array}$ -What was the variable overhead efficiency variance for the period,rounded to the nearest dollar?

A) $0. B) $2,075 unfavourable. C) $2.075 favourable. D) $1,760 unfavourable. A) $0. B) $2,075 unfavourable. C) $2.075 favourable. D) $1,760 unfavourable.

A manufacturing company that has only one product has established the following standards for its variable manufacturing overhead. The company uses machine hours as its measure of activity. $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Standard Hours per Unit of Output } & 8.1 \text { machine hours } \\ \hline \text { Standard Variable Overhead Rate } & \$ 14.30 \text { per machine hour } \\ \hline \end{array}$ The following data pertain to operations for the last month: $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Actual Hours } & 1,700 \text { machine hours } \\ \hline \text { Actual Total Variable Overhead Cost } & \$ 24,905 \\ \hline \text { Actual Output } & 200 \text { units } \\ \hline \end{array}$ -What was the variable overhead efficiency variance for the month?

A) $567 favourable. B) $1,144 unfavourable. C) $1,172 favourable. D) $1,172 unfavourable. A) $567 favourable. B) $1,144 unfavourable. C) $1,172 favourable. D) $1,172 unfavourable.

The Dillon Company makes and sells a single product and uses a flexible budget for overhead to plan and control overhead costs. Overhead costs are applied on the basis of direct labour hours. The standard cost card shows that 5 direct labour hours are required per unit. The Dillon Company had the following budgeted and actual data for March: $\begin{array} { | l | r | r | } \hline & \text { Actual } & \text { Budgeted } \\ \hline \text { Units Produced } & 33,900 & 30,800 \\ \hline \text { Direct Labour Hours } & 161,800 & 154,000 \\ \hline \text { Variable Overhead Costs } & \$ 140,500 & \$ 123,200 \\ \hline \text { Fixed Overhead Costs } & \$ 80,000 & \$ 77,000 \\ \hline \end{array}$ -What was the variable overhead spending variance for March?

A) $4,900 unfavourable. B) $11,060 unfavourable. C) $14,700 unfavourable. D) $17,300 unfavourable. A) $4,900 unfavourable. B) $11,060 unfavourable. C) $14,700 unfavourable. D) $17,300 unfavourable.

The Tate Company uses a standard costing system in which manufacturing overhead is applied to units of product on the basis of direct labour hours (DLHs). The company recorded the following costs and activity for September: $\begin{array}{l} \begin{array} { | l | r | } \hline \text { Cost: } & \\ \hline \text { Actual Fixed Overhead Costs Incurred } & \$ 61,400 \\ \hline \text { Volume Variance } & \$ 2,850 \text { unfavourable } \\ \hline \text { Fixed Portion of the Predetermined Overhead Rate } & \$ 0.95 \text { per DLH } \\ \hline \end{array}\\\\ \begin{array} { | l | r | } \hline \text { Activity: } & \\ \hline \text { Number of Units Completed } & 22,800 \\ \hline \text { Standard Direct Labour Hours Allowed per Unit of Product } & 2.5 \text { DLHs } \\ \hline \text { Denominator Activity } & 60,000 \text { DLHs } \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array}$ -What was the amount of fixed manufacturing overhead cost applied to work in process during September?

A) $54,150. B) $57,000. C) $59,850. D) $61,400. A) $54,150. B) $57,000. C) $59,850. D) $61,400.

A manufacturer of playground equipment has a standard costing system based on machine hours (MHs) as the measure of activity. Data from the company's flexible budget for manufacturing overhead are given below: $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Denominator Level of Activity } & 3,000 \mathrm{MHs} \\ \hline \text { Fixed Overhead Cost } & \$ 40,650 \\ \hline \end{array}$ The following data pertain to operations for the most recent period: $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Actual Hours } & 3,400 \mathrm{MHs} \\ \hline \text { Standard Hours Allowed for the Actual Output } & 3,172 \mathrm{MHs} \\ \hline \text { Actual Total Fixed Overhead Cost } & \$ 41,600 \\ \hline \end{array}$ -How much fixed overhead was applied to products during the period,rounded to the nearest dollar?

A) $40,650. B) $41,600. C) $42,981. D) $46,070. A) $40,650. B) $41,600. C) $42,981. D) $46,070.

Information on Fleming Company's direct material costs follows: $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Actual amount of direct materials purchased and used } & 20,000 \text { kilograms } \\ \hline \text { Actual direct material costs } & \$ 40,000 \\ \hline \text { Standard price of direct materials } & \$ 2.10 \text { per kilogram } \\ \hline \text { Direct materials quantity variance-favourable } & \$ 3,000 \\ \hline \end{array}$ What was the company's direct material price variance?

A) $1,000 favourable. B) $1,000 unfavourable. C) $2,000 favourable. D) $2,000 unfavourable. A) $1,000 favourable. B) $1,000 unfavourable. C) $2,000 favourable. D) $2,000 unfavourable.

A manufacturing company that has only one product has established the following standards for its variable manufacturing overhead. The company uses machine hours as its measure of activity. $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Standard Hours per Unit of Output } & 8.1 \text { machine hours } \\ \hline \text { Standard Variable Overhead Rate } & \$ 14.30 \text { per machine hour } \\ \hline \end{array}$ The following data pertain to operations for the last month: $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Actual Hours } & 1,700 \text { machine hours } \\ \hline \text { Actual Total Variable Overhead Cost } & \$ 24,905 \\ \hline \text { Actual Output } & 200 \text { units } \\ \hline \end{array}$ -What was the variable overhead spending variance for the month?

A) $595 favourable. B) $595 unfavourable. C) $1,739 favourable. D) $1,739 unfavourable. A) $595 favourable. B) $595 unfavourable. C) $1,739 favourable. D) $1,739 unfavourable.

$\begin{array}{l} \text { The following materials standards have been established for a particular product: }\\ \begin{array} { | l | r | } \hline \text { Standard quantity per unit of output } & 1.9 \text { grams } \\ \hline \text { Standard price } & \$ 18.00 \text { per gram } \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array}$ $\begin{array}{l} \text { The following data pertain to operations concerning the product for the last month: }\\ \begin{array} { | l | r | } \hline \text { Actual materials purchased } & 5,800 \text { grams } \\ \hline \text { Actual cost of materials purchased } & \$ 108,460 \\ \hline \text { Actual materials used in production } & 5,200 \text { grams } \\ \hline \text { Actual output } & 2,700 \text { units } \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array}$ -What was the materials quantity variance for the month?

A) $1,260 unfavourable. B) $1,309 unfavourable. C) $10,880 unfavourable. D) $11,220 unfavourable. A) $1,260 unfavourable. B) $1,309 unfavourable. C) $10,880 unfavourable. D) $11,220 unfavourable.

$\text { The Litton Company has established standards as follows: }$ $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Direct Material } & 3 \mathrm{kgs} @ @ 4 / \mathrm{kg} .=\$ 12 \text { per unit } \\ \hline \text { Direct Labour } & 2 \mathrm{hrs} @ \$ 8 / \mathrm{hr} .=\$ 16 \text { per unit } \\ \hline \text { Variable Manufacturing Overhead } & 2 \text { hrs. @ } \$ 5 / \mathrm{hr} .=\$ 10 \text { per unit } \\ \hline \end{array}$ Actual production figures for the past year are given below. The company records the materials price variance when materials are purchased. $\begin{array}{|l|r|} \hline \text { Units Produced } & 600 \\ \hline \text { Direct Material Used } & 2,000 \mathrm{kgs} . \\ \hline \text { Direct Material Purcahsed (3,000 kgs.) } & \$ 11,400 \\ \hline \text { Direct Labour Cost }(1,100 \text { hrs. }) & \$ 9,240 \\ \hline \text { Variable Manufacturing Overhead Cost Incurred } & \$ 5,720 \\ \hline \end{array}$ The company applies variable manufacturing overhead to products on the basis of direct labour hours. -What was the variable overhead spending variance?

A) $220 favourable. B) $220 unfavourable. C) $240 favourable. D) $240 unfavourable. A) $220 favourable. B) $220 unfavourable. C) $240 favourable. D) $240 unfavourable.

Exam 10: Standard Costs and Overhead Analysis

The Porter Company has a standard cost system.In July,the company purchased and used 22,500 kilograms of direct material at an actual cost of $53,000,the materials quantity variance was $1,875 unfavourable,and the standard quantity of materials allowed for July production was 21,750 kilograms.What was the materials price variance for July?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 181

Borden Enterprises uses standard costing.For the month of April,the company reported the following data: Standard direct labour rate \ 10 per hour Standard hours allowed for actual production 8,000 Actual direct labour rate \ 9.50 per hour Labour efficiency variance \ 4,800 favourable What was the labour rate variance for April?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 182

The Dillon Company makes and sells a single product and uses a flexible budget for overhead to plan and control overhead costs. Overhead costs are applied on the basis of direct labour hours. The standard cost card shows that 5 direct labour hours are required per unit. The Dillon Company had the following budgeted and actual data for March: Actual Budgeted Units Produced 33,900 30,800 Direct Labour Hours 161,800 154,000 Variable Overhead Costs \ 140,500 \ 123,200 Fixed Overhead Costs \ 80,000 \ 77,000 -What was the variable overhead efficiency variance for March?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 183

The following labour standards have been established for a particular product: Standard labour hours per unit of output 7.5 hours Standard labour rate \ 15.25 per hour The following data pertain to operations concerning the product for the last month: Actual hours worked 9,600 hours Actual total labour cost \ 144,480 Actual output 1,200 units -What was the labour rate variance for the month?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 184

Jaune Company uses a standard cost system that applies manufacturing overhead to units of product on the basis of direct labour hours (DLHs).The following data pertain to last month's operations: Budgeted Fixed Overhead Costs \ 5,000 Actual Fixed Overhead Costs \ 5,000 Standard Hours Allowed for Output 2,400 DLHs Predetermined Overhead Rate ( \2 variable +\ 3 fixed) \ 5 per DLH What was the fixed overhead budget variance?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 185

The Upton Company employs a standard costing system in which variable overhead is assigned to production on the basis of direct labour hours. Data for the month of February include the following: Variable manufacturing overhead cost incurred \ 48,700 Total variable overhead variance \ 300 favourable Standard hours allowed for actual production 7,000 Actual direct labour hours worked 6,840 -What was the variable overhead efficiency variance?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 186

A manufacturing company has a standard costing system based on machine hours (MHs) as the measure of activity. Data from the company's flexible budget for manufacturing overhead are given below: Denominator Level of Activity 6,100 Overhead Costs at the Denominator Activity Level: Variable Overhead Cost \ 35,075 Fixed Overhead Cost \ 77,775 The following data pertain to operations for the most recent period: Actual Hours 6,300 Standard Hours Allowed for the Actual Output 5,994 Actual Total Variable Overhead Cost \ 36,540 Actual Total Fixed Overhead Cost \ 76,875 -What was the variable overhead efficiency variance for the period,rounded to the nearest dollar?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 187

Cole Laboratories makes and sells a lawn fertilizer called Fastgro. The company has developed standard costs for one bag of Fastgro as follows: Standard Quantity Standard Cost per Bag Direct Materials 20 kilograms \ 8.00 Direct Labour 0.1 hours 1.10 Variable Manufacturing Overhead 0.1 hours .40 The company had no beginning inventories of any kind on January 1. Variable manufacturing overhead is applied to production on the basis of direct labour hours. The results of the company's operations during January are as follows: Production of Fastgro: 4,000 bags Direct Materials Purchased 85,000 kilograms at a cost of \ 32,300 Direct Labour Used 390 hours at a cost of \ 4,875 Variable Manufacturing Overhead Incurred \ 1,475 Inventory of Direct Materials on January 31 3,000 kilograms -What was the materials quantity variance for January?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 188

A manufacturing company that has only one product has established the following standards for its variable manufacturing overhead. The company uses machine hours as its measure of activity. Standard Hours per Unit of Output 8.1 machine hours Standard Variable Overhead Rate \ 14.30 per machine hour The following data pertain to operations for the last month: Actual Hours 1,700 machine hours Actual Total Variable Overhead Cost \ 24,905 Actual Output 200 units -What was the variable overhead efficiency variance for the month?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 189

The Dillon Company makes and sells a single product and uses a flexible budget for overhead to plan and control overhead costs. Overhead costs are applied on the basis of direct labour hours. The standard cost card shows that 5 direct labour hours are required per unit. The Dillon Company had the following budgeted and actual data for March: Actual Budgeted Units Produced 33,900 30,800 Direct Labour Hours 161,800 154,000 Variable Overhead Costs \ 140,500 \ 123,200 Fixed Overhead Costs \ 80,000 \ 77,000 -What was the variable overhead spending variance for March?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 190

The Tate Company uses a standard costing system in which manufacturing overhead is applied to units of product on the basis of direct labour hours (DLHs). The company recorded the following costs and activity for September: Cost: Actual Fixed Overhead Costs Incurred \ 61,400 Volume Variance \ 2,850 unfavourable Fixed Portion of the Predetermined Overhead Rate \ 0.95 per DLH Activity: Number of Units Completed 22,800 Standard Direct Labour Hours Allowed per Unit of Product 2.5 DLHs Denominator Activity 60,000 DLHs -What was the amount of fixed manufacturing overhead cost applied to work in process during September?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 191

Vernon Mills,Inc.is a large producer of men's and women's clothing.The company uses standard costs for all of its products.The standard costs and actual costs per unit of product for a recent period are given below for one of the company's product lines: Standard Cost Actual Cost Standard: 4.0 metres at \ 5.40 per metre \ 21.60 Actual: 4.4 metres at \ 5.05 per metre \ 22.22 Direct Labour: Standard: 1.6 hours at \ 6.75 per hour \ 10.80 Actual: 1.4 hours at \ 7.30 per hour \ 10.22 Variable Overhead: Standard: 1.6 hours at \ 2.70 per hour \ 4.32 Actual: 1.4 hours at \ 3.25 per hour \ 4.55 Total Cost per Unit \ 36.72 \ 36.99 During this period,the company produced 4,800 units of this product.A comparison of standard and actual costs for the period on a total cost basis is given below: Actual Costs: 4,800 units at \ 36.99 \ 177,552 Standard Costs: 4,800 units at \ 36.72 \ 176,256 Difference in Cost-Unfavourable \ 1,296 There was no inventory of materials on hand at the beginning of the period.During the period,21,120 metres of materials were purchased,all of which were used in production. Required: a)(Appendix 10B)For direct materials,compute the price and quantity variances for the period and prepare journal entries to record all activity relating to direct materials for the period. b)(Appendix 10B)For direct labour,compute the rate and efficiency variances and prepare a journal entry to record the incurrence of direct labour cost for the period. c)For variable overhead,compute the spending and efficiency variances.

(Essay)

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Question 192

A manufacturer of playground equipment has a standard costing system based on machine hours (MHs) as the measure of activity. Data from the company's flexible budget for manufacturing overhead are given below: Denominator Level of Activity 3,000 Fixed Overhead Cost \ 40,650 The following data pertain to operations for the most recent period: Actual Hours 3,400 Standard Hours Allowed for the Actual Output 3,172 Actual Total Fixed Overhead Cost \ 41,600 -How much fixed overhead was applied to products during the period,rounded to the nearest dollar?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 193

Information on Fleming Company's direct material costs follows: Actual amount of direct materials purchased and used 20,000 kilograms Actual direct material costs \ 40,000 Standard price of direct materials \ 2.10 per kilogram Direct materials quantity variance-favourable \ 3,000 What was the company's direct material price variance?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 194

The standards for direct labour for a product are 2.5 hours at $8 per hour.Last month,9,000 units of the product were made,and the labour efficiency variance was $8,000 favourable.What was the actual number of hours worked during the past period?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 195

A manufacturing company that has only one product has established the following standards for its variable manufacturing overhead. The company uses machine hours as its measure of activity. Standard Hours per Unit of Output 8.1 machine hours Standard Variable Overhead Rate \ 14.30 per machine hour The following data pertain to operations for the last month: Actual Hours 1,700 machine hours Actual Total Variable Overhead Cost \ 24,905 Actual Output 200 units -What was the variable overhead spending variance for the month?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 196

A favourable sales volume variance for a single-product firm necessarily implies a favourable market share variance.

(True/False)

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Question 197

The following materials standards have been established for a particular product: Standard quantity per unit of output 1.9 grams Standard price \ 18.00 per gram The following data pertain to operations concerning the product for the last month: Actual materials purchased 5,800 grams Actual cost of materials purchased \ 108,460 Actual materials used in production 5,200 grams Actual output 2,700 units -What was the materials quantity variance for the month?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 198

$\text { The Litton Company has established standards as follows: }$ Direct Material 3@@4/.=\ 12 per unit Direct Labour 2@\ 8/.=\ 16 per unit Variable Manufacturing Overhead 2 hrs. @ \ 5/.=\ 10 per unit Actual production figures for the past year are given below. The company records the materials price variance when materials are purchased. Units Produced 600 Direct Material Used 2,000. Direct Material Purcahsed (3,000 kgs.) \ 11,400 Direct Labour Cost (1,100 hrs. ) \ 9,240 Variable Manufacturing Overhead Cost Incurred \ 5,720 The company applies variable manufacturing overhead to products on the basis of direct labour hours. -What was the variable overhead spending variance?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 199

(Appendix 10B)The following is the standard cost card for X Company's only product: Direct materials, 4 metres at \ 4.00 \ 16.00 Direct labour, 5 hours at \ 10.00 \ 15.00 Variable overhead, 1.5 hours at \ 3.00 \ 4.50 Fixed overhead, 1.5 hours at \ 7.00 \ 10.50 Standard cost per unit \ 46.00 The company manufactured and sold 18,000 units of product during the year.A total of 70,200 metres of material was purchased during the year at cost of $4.20 per metre.All of this material was used to manufacture the 18,000 units.The company records showed no beginning or ending inventories for the year. The company worked 29,250 direct labour hours during the year at a cost of $9.75 per hour.Overhead cost is applied to products on the basis of direct labour hours.The denominator activity level (direct labour hours)was 22,500 hours.Budgeted fixed overhead costs as shown on the flexible budget were $157,500,while actual fixed overhead costs were $156,000.Actual variable overhead costs were $90,000. Required: a)Compute the direct materials price and quantity variances for the year. b)Compute the direct labour rate and efficiency variances for the year. c)Compute the variable overhead spending and efficiency variances for the year. d)Compute the fixed overhead budget and volume variances for the year. e)(Appendix 10B)Prepare a journal entry to record the variable overhead costs incurred and applied,including the results of the variance analysis. f)(Appendix 10B)Prepare a journal entry to record the fixed overhead costs incurred and applied,including the results of the variance analysis.

(Essay)

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Question 200

The standards for direct labour for a product are 2.5 hours at $8 per hour.Last month,9,000 units of the product were made,and the labour efficiency variance was $8,000 favourable.What was the actual number of hours worked during the past period?

A favourable sales volume variance for a single-product firm necessarily implies a favourable market share variance.

Managerial Accounting and the Business Environment

Cost Terms,concepts,and Classifications

Cost Behaviour: Analysis and Use

Cost-Volume-Profit Relationships

Systems Design: Job-Order Costing

Systems Design: Process Costing

Activity-Based Costing: A Tool to Aid Decision Making

Variable Costing: A Tool for Management

Budgeting

Reporting for Control

Relevant Costs for Decision Making

Capital Budgeting Decisions

Financial Statement Analysis

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