Exam 6: Learning

Of the following, which would NOT be an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Olivia is punished for spilling her cereal. Her parents give her a spanking and send her to her room where she cries. Later, her puppy makes a mess on the floor. Olivia kicks her puppy and puts it out in the yard where it whines sadly. Which of the following statements explains her behaviour toward the puppy?

Which of the following is true concerning intermittent schedules of reinforcement?

Which of the following terms refers to the fact that animals and human beings may be evolutionarily predisposed to fear certain stimuli that threaten their survival?

Which of the following terms suggests that it is possible to condition all conditioned stimuli equally well to all unconditioned stimuli?

Most employees work eight hours per day from Monday through Friday, and are paid once every two weeks. Therefore, most employees are paid on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Who is best known for studying the phenomenon of insight in animals?

A stimulus presented to a person or animal that weakens the probability of a particular response is known as ________.

Young Albert is initially not afraid of white rats, but if white rats and loud noises are presented in sequence, Albert may learn to fear the rats. In this example, white rats would be the

Regarding operant conditioning, which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Mark and Kathy take their two-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

Marketing executives use ________ conditioning when they employ celebrities to sell products.

If parents handle discipline by employing mainly a punishment approach, which of the following can be assumed?

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and therefore ________ the probability of a response.

A small chamber used in operant conditioning of animals that limits the available responses and, thus, increases the likelihood that the desired response will occur is called a(n)________.

Thorndike's ________ principle asserts that rewards following behaviour lead to increased production of the behaviour.

In classical conditioning, the CR and the ________ are usually the same.

John sees others being praised for using good penmanship and now he attempts to use good penmanship. This behaviour is reflective of ________ learning.

If a white rat is conditioned to produce fear in a child, and soon all white furry animals are feared by the child, ________ is said to occur.

Which of the following is true concerning operant conditioning principles?