Question 1

Which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Neither partial nor continuous reinforcement leads to behaviours that will persist for long periods of time. 
B) Continuous reinforcement leads to behaviours that will persist longer than behaviour learned through partial or intermittent reinforcement. 
C) Partial reinforcement leads to behaviours that will persist longer than behaviour learned through continuous reinforcement. 
D) Continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement lead to behaviours that persist for equally long periods of time. 
A) Neither partial nor continuous reinforcement leads to behaviours that will persist for long periods of time. 
B) Continuous reinforcement leads to behaviours that will persist longer than behaviour learned through partial or intermittent reinforcement. 
C) Partial reinforcement leads to behaviours that will persist longer than behaviour learned through continuous reinforcement. 
D) Continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement lead to behaviours that persist for equally long periods of time.

Question 2

A learning strategy called Suggestive Accelerative Learning and Teaching Techniques has suggested that people using this method can learn anywhere from 25 to several hundred times their normal learning speeds. When this set of techniques is subjected to scientific scrutiny, however, such results are not achieved. Which critical-thinking concept should this bring to mind?

Accepted Answer

A) Occam's Razor 
B) Replicability 
C) Extraordinary claims 
D) Correlation versus causation 
A) Occam's Razor 
B) Replicability 
C) Extraordinary claims 
D) Correlation versus causation

Question 3

A ________ reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a(n)________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) positive; negative 
B) natural; artificial 
C) secondary; primary 
D) secondary; artificial 
A) positive; negative 
B) natural; artificial 
C) secondary; primary 
D) secondary; artificial

Question 4

Which of the following describes the situation of chaining?

Accepted Answer

A) Teaching a child to play tennis by reinforcing them for effort and then pulling away from reinforcement once the child is skilled enough to play the complete game of tennis 
B) Teaching a child to play tennis by reinforcing them for effort and not performance, until the child is confident enough to play the complete game of tennis 
C) Teaching a child to play tennis by providing reinforcement every time the child hits the ball over the net, until the child is able to play the complete game of tennis 
D) Teaching a child to play tennis by providing reinforcement in steps for learning to serve, volley, and using the forehand and backhand, until the child can play the complete game of tennis 
A) Teaching a child to play tennis by reinforcing them for effort and then pulling away from reinforcement once the child is skilled enough to play the complete game of tennis 
B) Teaching a child to play tennis by reinforcing them for effort and not performance, until the child is confident enough to play the complete game of tennis 
C) Teaching a child to play tennis by providing reinforcement every time the child hits the ball over the net, until the child is able to play the complete game of tennis 
D) Teaching a child to play tennis by providing reinforcement in steps for learning to serve, volley, and using the forehand and backhand, until the child can play the complete game of tennis

Question 5

Which of the following is the best example of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Greg hears on the radio that a huge storm is blowing in, so he cancels his trip. 
B) After several hours of staring at the computer screen, Marley suddenly realises the solution to the puzzle he is trying to solve. 
C) Carey figures out if she doesn't give her boss a hard time, he's a lot nicer to be around. 
D) Ingrid swam poorly until she noticed the efficient stroke of the man in the next lane; now her swimming is greatly improved. 
A) Greg hears on the radio that a huge storm is blowing in, so he cancels his trip. 
B) After several hours of staring at the computer screen, Marley suddenly realises the solution to the puzzle he is trying to solve. 
C) Carey figures out if she doesn't give her boss a hard time, he's a lot nicer to be around. 
D) Ingrid swam poorly until she noticed the efficient stroke of the man in the next lane; now her swimming is greatly improved.

Question 6

Which of the following is true concerning Accelerated Learning techniques?

Accepted Answer

A) Playing classical music for students appears to increase their rates of learning. 
B) Asking students to visualise information that they are learning appears to increase their rates of learning. 
C) Students who employ relaxed breathing techniques appear to learn more quickly than those students who do not use these techniques. 
D) Research concerning suggestive learning techniques does not provide strong evidence supporting the effectiveness of these techniques. 
A) Playing classical music for students appears to increase their rates of learning. 
B) Asking students to visualise information that they are learning appears to increase their rates of learning. 
C) Students who employ relaxed breathing techniques appear to learn more quickly than those students who do not use these techniques. 
D) Research concerning suggestive learning techniques does not provide strong evidence supporting the effectiveness of these techniques.

Question 7

________ uses the principles of operant conditioning with the addition of models being reinforced and punished.

Accepted Answer

Observatio

Question 8

Whenever five-year-old Claire goes to the dentist, she becomes anxious and cries. Since she was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit, her fear was a learned behaviour. The UCS in this case was probably

Accepted Answer

A) the dentist's beard. 
B) sweet toothpaste. 
C) the pain associated with teeth cleaning. 
D) the sound of the music in the dentist's waiting room. 
A) the dentist's beard. 
B) sweet toothpaste. 
C) the pain associated with teeth cleaning. 
D) the sound of the music in the dentist's waiting room.

Question 9

Which of the following is true concerning Bandura's classic "Bobo doll" study?

Accepted Answer

A) Exposure to aggressive models led to increased aggression in nursery school children. 
B) Exposure to aggressive models did not influence levels of aggression in nursery school children. 
C) Exposure to aggressive models led to decreased levels of aggression in nursery school children. 
D) Exposure to nonaggressive models led to decreased levels of aggression in nursery school children. 
A) Exposure to aggressive models led to increased aggression in nursery school children. 
B) Exposure to aggressive models did not influence levels of aggression in nursery school children. 
C) Exposure to aggressive models led to decreased levels of aggression in nursery school children. 
D) Exposure to nonaggressive models led to decreased levels of aggression in nursery school children.

Question 10

Describe how a parent could use operant conditioning to motivate their 9th grade child to move from a "C" student to an "A" student. Discuss positive and negative reinforcement, punishment, and schedules of reinforcement that you would employ.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but should contain the

Question 11

Omar and Patrick sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Omar is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes, while Patrick is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells. Omar is paid on a ________ schedule while Patrick is paid on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio; variable ratio 
B) fixed ratio; fixed interval 
C) variable ratio; fixed ratio 
D) fixed ratio; variable interval 
A) fixed ratio; variable ratio 
B) fixed ratio; fixed interval 
C) variable ratio; fixed ratio 
D) fixed ratio; variable interval

Question 12

Employees who work 40 hours per week are most likely to be paid on a(n)________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Employees who work 40 hours per week...

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding conditioned taste aversions is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Repeated pairings between the CS and UCS are needed in order to establish a conditioned taste aversion. 
B) Conditioned taste aversions can be induced in human beings, but not in lower animals. 
C) The delay between the CS and UCS in a conditioned tasted aversion can be as long as six or even eight hours. 
D) Conditioned taste aversions tend to be remarkably general, where an entire type of food will be found distasteful even after only one specific food causes an illness. 
A) Repeated pairings between the CS and UCS are needed in order to establish a conditioned taste aversion. 
B) Conditioned taste aversions can be induced in human beings, but not in lower animals. 
C) The delay between the CS and UCS in a conditioned tasted aversion can be as long as six or even eight hours. 
D) Conditioned taste aversions tend to be remarkably general, where an entire type of food will be found distasteful even after only one specific food causes an illness.

Question 14

Using classical conditioning, describe how you would train a three-year-old to safely cross the street. Be sure to identify the CS, UCS, CR, and UCR.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but should contain the

Question 15

When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal, resulting in a decrease in the probability of response, it is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) positive punishment 
B) negative punishment 
C) punishing reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement 
A) positive punishment 
B) negative punishment 
C) punishing reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement

Question 16

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies, the salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was the

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) unconditioned stimulus. 
A) conditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) unconditioned stimulus.

Question 17

Food and water are examples of ________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Food and water are examples of ________...

Question 18

Wearing shorts on a hot summer day is a behaviour that is established by way of

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) classical conditioning. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) classical conditioning.

Question 19

Salivation in response to food being placed in the mouth, and an eyeblink response to a puff of air, are both examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimuli 
B) conditioned responses 
C) conditioned stimuli 
D) unconditioned responses 
A) unconditioned stimuli 
B) conditioned responses 
C) conditioned stimuli 
D) unconditioned responses

Question 20

Nicky tends to bite his nails when he becomes nervous because it calms him down. Nicky's behaviour is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) generalisation. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) shaping. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) generalisation. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) shaping.

Which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning?

A reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a(n) reinforcer.

Which of the following describes the situation of chaining?

Which of the following is the best example of observational learning?

Which of the following is true concerning Accelerated Learning techniques?

________ uses the principles of operant conditioning with the addition of models being reinforced and punished.

Whenever five-year-old Claire goes to the dentist, she becomes anxious and cries. Since she was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit, her fear was a learned behaviour. The UCS in this case was probably

Which of the following is true concerning Bandura's classic "Bobo doll" study?

Describe how a parent could use operant conditioning to motivate their 9th grade child to move from a "C" student to an "A" student. Discuss positive and negative reinforcement, punishment, and schedules of reinforcement that you would employ.

Omar and Patrick sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Omar is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes, while Patrick is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells. Omar is paid on a schedule while Patrick is paid on a schedule.

Employees who work 40 hours per week are most likely to be paid on a(n)________ schedule.

Which of the following statements regarding conditioned taste aversions is true?

Using classical conditioning, describe how you would train a three-year-old to safely cross the street. Be sure to identify the CS, UCS, CR, and UCR.

When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal, resulting in a decrease in the probability of response, it is known as ________.

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies, the salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was the

Food and water are examples of ________ reinforcers.

Wearing shorts on a hot summer day is a behaviour that is established by way of

Salivation in response to food being placed in the mouth, and an eyeblink response to a puff of air, are both examples of ________.

Nicky tends to bite his nails when he becomes nervous because it calms him down. Nicky's behaviour is an example of

Science and Pseudoscience in Psychology

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Sensation and Perception

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Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning?

A ________ reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a(n)________ reinforcer.

Which of the following describes the situation of chaining?

Which of the following is the best example of observational learning?

Which of the following is true concerning Accelerated Learning techniques?

________ uses the principles of operant conditioning with the addition of models being reinforced and punished.

Whenever five-year-old Claire goes to the dentist, she becomes anxious and cries. Since she was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit, her fear was a learned behaviour. The UCS in this case was probably

Which of the following is true concerning Bandura's classic "Bobo doll" study?

Describe how a parent could use operant conditioning to motivate their 9th grade child to move from a "C" student to an "A" student. Discuss positive and negative reinforcement, punishment, and schedules of reinforcement that you would employ.

Omar and Patrick sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Omar is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes, while Patrick is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells. Omar is paid on a ________ schedule while Patrick is paid on a ________ schedule.

Employees who work 40 hours per week are most likely to be paid on a(n)________ schedule.

Which of the following statements regarding conditioned taste aversions is true?

Using classical conditioning, describe how you would train a three-year-old to safely cross the street. Be sure to identify the CS, UCS, CR, and UCR.

When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal, resulting in a decrease in the probability of response, it is known as ________.

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies, the salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was the

Food and water are examples of ________ reinforcers.

Wearing shorts on a hot summer day is a behaviour that is established by way of

Salivation in response to food being placed in the mouth, and an eyeblink response to a puff of air, are both examples of ________.

Nicky tends to bite his nails when he becomes nervous because it calms him down. Nicky's behaviour is an example of

Science and Pseudoscience in Psychology

Research Methods

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Thinking, Reasoning and Language

Intelligence and Iq Testing

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Stress, Coping and Health

Social Psychology

Cross-Cultural Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychological and Biological Treatments

Filters

A reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a(n) reinforcer.

Omar and Patrick sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Omar is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes, while Patrick is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells. Omar is paid on a schedule while Patrick is paid on a schedule.