Question 1

Criminal statistics gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reflect

Accepted Answer

A) all crimes that take place. 
B) offenses cleared by arrest. 
C) offenses resulting in a criminal conviction. 
D) offenses known to the police. 
A) all crimes that take place. 
B) offenses cleared by arrest. 
C) offenses resulting in a criminal conviction. 
D) offenses known to the police. D

Question 2

What is meant by "community-based corrections?" What are the advantages of this approach compared to sending convicted offenders to prison? What are some of the limitations of this approach? Do you favor or oppose expanding community-based corrections? Why?

Accepted Answer

Community-based corrections refer to a range of programs and services designed to rehabilitate and reintegrate convicted offenders back into the community, rather than incarcerating them in prison. These programs can include probation, parole, halfway houses, electronic monitoring, and various forms of counseling and treatment.

One of the main advantages of community-based corrections is that it allows offenders to remain connected to their families, jobs, and support networks, which can help reduce the likelihood of reoffending. It also tends to be less expensive than incarceration, as it reduces the burden on the prison system and allows for more cost-effective use of resources. Additionally, community-based corrections can provide more individualized and targeted interventions, such as substance abuse treatment or mental health services, which may not be as readily available in a prison setting.

However, there are also limitations to this approach. Community-based corrections rely heavily on the availability and effectiveness of community resources, which can vary widely depending on location. There may also be concerns about public safety and the potential for offenders to abscond or commit further crimes while under community supervision. Additionally, some critics argue that community-based corrections may not be suitable for certain types of offenders, such as those who pose a high risk to public safety or have committed serious or violent crimes.

As for whether I favor or oppose expanding community-based corrections, I believe that it can be a valuable and effective alternative to incarceration for certain offenders. However, it is important to carefully consider the specific needs and risks of each individual and to ensure that appropriate resources and support are available in the community. I also believe that community-based corrections should be used in conjunction with other forms of punishment and rehabilitation, rather than as a blanket replacement for prison sentences. Overall, I support the expansion of community-based corrections as part of a comprehensive and evidence-based approach to criminal justice.

Question 3

Robert Merton claimed that the "strains of masculinity" are an important cause of crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be most likely to engage in deviance?

Accepted Answer

A) students enrolled in college 
B) teenagers on sports teams with after-school jobs 
C) youngsters who "hang out" waiting for something to happen 
D) young people with respect for their parents 
A) students enrolled in college 
B) teenagers on sports teams with after-school jobs 
C) youngsters who "hang out" waiting for something to happen 
D) young people with respect for their parents

Question 5

A judge orders that an offender be sentenced to prison for a short time, with most of the sentence served on probation.This sentence reflects a policy called

Accepted Answer

A) parole. 
B) shock probation. 
C) rehabilitation. 
D) extended lockup. 
A) parole. 
B) shock probation. 
C) rehabilitation. 
D) extended lockup.

Question 6

Today in the United States, women are arrested for property crimes at the same rate as men are.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Gender figures into the study of deviance because

Accepted Answer

A) women account for most of the arrests for serious crimes in the United States. 
B) every society in the world applies stronger normative controls to females than to males. 
C) most researchers in this area are women. 
D) All of these are correct. 
A) women account for most of the arrests for serious crimes in the United States. 
B) every society in the world applies stronger normative controls to females than to males. 
C) most researchers in this area are women. 
D) All of these are correct.

Question 8

Criminal statistics gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reflect

Accepted Answer

A) all crimes that take place. 
B) offenses cleared by arrest. 
C) offenses resulting in a criminal conviction. 
D) offenses known to the police. 
A) all crimes that take place. 
B) offenses cleared by arrest. 
C) offenses resulting in a criminal conviction. 
D) offenses known to the police.

Question 9

A poor person who has little chance to go to college and who sells illegal drugs to make money is one example of a deviant "innovator."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Albert Cohen suggested that lower-class youths form a delinquent subculture to gain the self-respect that society denies them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Organized crime refers to

Accepted Answer

A) illegal actions by people with white-collar jobs. 
B) illegal actions on the part of a corporation or large business. 
C) crime involving the cooperation of two or more businesses. 
D) any business that supplies illegal goods or services. 
A) illegal actions by people with white-collar jobs. 
B) illegal actions on the part of a corporation or large business. 
C) crime involving the cooperation of two or more businesses. 
D) any business that supplies illegal goods or services.

Question 12

The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because

Accepted Answer

A) very few people experience an "unsuccessful socialization." 
B) there has been very little research of this kind. 
C) there is no way to distinguish "normal" from "abnormal" people. 
D) most people who commit crimes have normal personalities. 
A) very few people experience an "unsuccessful socialization." 
B) there has been very little research of this kind. 
C) there is no way to distinguish "normal" from "abnormal" people. 
D) most people who commit crimes have normal personalities.

Question 13

Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Both Albert Cohen and Walter Miller argue that deviance is most likely to arise among

Accepted Answer

A) high-income males. 
B) middle-class men and women. 
C) low-income youths. 
D) all class levels. 
A) high-income males. 
B) middle-class men and women. 
C) low-income youths. 
D) all class levels.

Question 15

The concept criminal recidivism refers to

Accepted Answer

A) young people growing up in a criminal environment. 
B) efforts by police to enlist help from people in a local community. 
C) later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes. 
D) the idea that crime does "pay." 
A) young people growing up in a criminal environment. 
B) efforts by police to enlist help from people in a local community. 
C) later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes. 
D) the idea that crime does "pay."

Question 16

In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?

Accepted Answer

A) the act and criminal intent 
B) a criminal and a victim 
C) the act and the social harm 
D) the law and the violation 
A) the act and criminal intent 
B) a criminal and a victim 
C) the act and the social harm 
D) the law and the violation

Question 17

The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of

Accepted Answer

A) interpreting someone's past consistent with present deviance. 
B) defining someone as deviant for things done long before. 
C) criminal adults encouraging their children to become deviant. 
D) All of these are correct. 
A) interpreting someone's past consistent with present deviance. 
B) defining someone as deviant for things done long before. 
C) criminal adults encouraging their children to become deviant. 
D) All of these are correct.

Question 18

Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following terms would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone who made a lot of money breaking the law?

Accepted Answer

A) innovator 
B) ritualist 
C) retreatist 
D) rebel 
A) innovator 
B) ritualist 
C) retreatist 
D) rebel

Question 19

In terms of racial categories, most people arrested for a violent crime in the United States are

Accepted Answer

A) white. 
B) African American. 
C) people of mixed race. 
D) of Hispanic ancestry. 
A) white. 
B) African American. 
C) people of mixed race. 
D) of Hispanic ancestry.

Question 20

In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which of the following concepts refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them?

Accepted Answer

A) innovation 
B) ritualism 
C) retreatism 
D) rebellion 
A) innovation 
B) ritualism 
C) retreatism 
D) rebellion

Exam 9: Deviance

Criminal statistics gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reflect

What is meant by "community-based corrections?" What are the advantages of this approach compared to sending convicted offenders to prison? What are some of the limitations of this approach? Do you favor or oppose expanding community-based corrections? Why?

Robert Merton claimed that the "strains of masculinity" are an important cause of crime.

Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be most likely to engage in deviance?

A judge orders that an offender be sentenced to prison for a short time, with most of the sentence served on probation.This sentence reflects a policy called

Today in the United States, women are arrested for property crimes at the same rate as men are.

Gender figures into the study of deviance because

Criminal statistics gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reflect

A poor person who has little chance to go to college and who sells illegal drugs to make money is one example of a deviant "innovator."

Albert Cohen suggested that lower-class youths form a delinquent subculture to gain the self-respect that society denies them.

Organized crime refers to

The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because

Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.

Both Albert Cohen and Walter Miller argue that deviance is most likely to arise among

The concept criminal recidivism refers to

In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?

The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of

Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following terms would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone who made a lot of money breaking the law?

In terms of racial categories, most people arrested for a violent crime in the United States are

In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which of the following concepts refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them?

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