Question 1

Which of the following factors is the primary contributor to the vertebral body's decreased ability to withstand compressive forces as it ages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of horizontal trabeculae 
B)  Loss of vertical trabeculae 
C)  Loss of osteophyte formation 
D)  Loss of cortical bone 
A)  Loss of horizontal trabeculae 
B)  Loss of vertical trabeculae 
C)  Loss of osteophyte formation 
D)  Loss of cortical bone A

Question 2

Identify the ligaments that are unique to each of the areas,including the motions each ligament checks.

Accepted Answer

(a)Thoracic region-The supraspinous ligament runs from C7 to the sacrum but blends with the insertion of the lumbar extensors.Therefore,although not really unique to the thoracic region,it is not obvious in the lumbar region and changes its name in the cervical region.The supraspinous ligament checks flexion.
(b)Lumbar region-The interspinous and intertransverse ligaments are well developed in the lumbar area only.The interspinous checks flexion,while the intertransverse ligaments are important checks to lateral flexion to the opposite side as well as to rotation in both directions.
(c)Cervical region-The alar ligaments are unique to the segments between C2 and the occiput.They are paired ligaments attached to the dens and to the foramen magnum.The alar ligaments check rotation between C1 and C2.The supraspinous ligament changes to the ligamentum nuchae,which runs from C7 to the occiput of the skull.It predominantly checks flexion.

Question 3

In the cervical spine,the greatest amount of rotation is available at which of the following motion segments?

Accepted Answer

A)  C0 to C1 
B)  C1 to C2 
C)  C4 to C5 
D)  C6 to C7 
A)  C0 to C1 
B)  C1 to C2 
C)  C4 to C5 
D)  C6 to C7 B

Question 4

What parts of the typical vertebra are included in the anterior portion of the vertebra? In the posterior portion?

Accepted Answer

The anterior portion of the typical vert

Question 5

Which of the following abdominal muscles would be active during trunk rotation to the right?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right internal oblique,right external oblique 
B)  Left internal oblique,left external oblique 
C)  Right internal oblique,left external oblique 
D)  Left internal oblique,right external oblique 
A)  Right internal oblique,right external oblique 
B)  Left internal oblique,left external oblique 
C)  Right internal oblique,left external oblique 
D)  Left internal oblique,right external oblique

Question 6

If a person stands and bends forward while attempting to touch his or her toes (keeping knees extended),this produces ________________at the innominates,________________at the sacrum and flexion of the lumbar spine.

Accepted Answer

A)  posterior rotation,nutation 
B)  anterior rotation,counternutation 
C)  posterior rotation,counternutation 
D)  anterior rotation,nutation 
A)  posterior rotation,nutation 
B)  anterior rotation,counternutation 
C)  posterior rotation,counternutation 
D)  anterior rotation,nutation

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true concerning the surface of the sacroiliac joints?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sacral surface is formed from the fused bodies of S1 to S4. 
B)  Both the sacral and innominate articular surfaces are covered with fibrocartilage. 
C)  There is a pattern of elevations and ridges only on the sacral surfaces. 
D)  The innominate articular surface is "C" shaped. 
A)  The sacral surface is formed from the fused bodies of S1 to S4. 
B)  Both the sacral and innominate articular surfaces are covered with fibrocartilage. 
C)  There is a pattern of elevations and ridges only on the sacral surfaces. 
D)  The innominate articular surface is "C" shaped.

Question 8

What is the difference between the lamina and the pedicle of the vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

The pedicles are the two prominences by

Question 9

What is the function of lumbopelvic rhythm? To what is this analogous?

Accepted Answer

Lumbopelvic rhythm is analogous to scapu

Question 10

Which of the following is true with regard to the structure of the anulus fibrosis of the normal intervertebral disc?

Accepted Answer

A)  Annular lamina are oriented 60° to the horizontal plane of the intervertebral disc. 
B)  It resists tensile forces in all directions. 
C)  The water and proteoglycans content of the anulus is greater than the collagen content. 
D)  Anulus is vascular in the adult. 
A)  Annular lamina are oriented 60° to the horizontal plane of the intervertebral disc. 
B)  It resists tensile forces in all directions. 
C)  The water and proteoglycans content of the anulus is greater than the collagen content. 
D)  Anulus is vascular in the adult.

Question 11

Which of the following structures would be best suited to resist the tensile forces produced during spinal extension?

Accepted Answer

A)  Posterior vertebral body 
B)  Posterior longitudinal ligament 
C)  Anterior longitudinal ligament 
D)  Facet capsule 
A)  Posterior vertebral body 
B)  Posterior longitudinal ligament 
C)  Anterior longitudinal ligament 
D)  Facet capsule

Question 12

Give the new name acquired by each of the following ligaments as it passes cephalad to the axis: anterior longitudinal ligament,posterior longitudinal ligament,ligamentum flavum,and supraspinous.

Accepted Answer

The anterior longitudinal ligament becom

Question 13

Which of the following describes the lumbar spine facet joint arthrokinematic motion during (L)lateral flexion in the neutral position?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ipsilateral facet moves caudal and anterior; contralateral facet moves caudal and lateral. 
B)  Ipsilateral facet moves cephalic and posterior; contralateral facet moves caudal and posterior. 
C)  Ipsilateral facet moves caudal and anterior; contralateral facet moves cephalic and posterior. 
D)  Ipsilateral facet moves cephalic and medial; contralateral facet moves cephalic and medial. 
A)  Ipsilateral facet moves caudal and anterior; contralateral facet moves caudal and lateral. 
B)  Ipsilateral facet moves cephalic and posterior; contralateral facet moves caudal and posterior. 
C)  Ipsilateral facet moves caudal and anterior; contralateral facet moves cephalic and posterior. 
D)  Ipsilateral facet moves cephalic and medial; contralateral facet moves cephalic and medial.

Question 14

Given the vertebral structure and orientation of the facet joints in the thoracic spine,which of the following motions would be most limited?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral flexion 
B)  Rotation 
C)  Flexion 
D)  Extension 
A)  Lateral flexion 
B)  Rotation 
C)  Flexion 
D)  Extension

Question 15

Compare the mobility-stability of the cervical (C2 to C7)and thoracic regions,including the structures implicated.

Accepted Answer

The thoracic region,in general,is more s

Question 16

Describe the role of the disc in compressive loading of the spine.What happens under normal circumstances? What happens when normal forces are exceeded?

Accepted Answer

During compression of the vertebrae,stre

Question 17

If you needed to perform joint mobilization on the transverse processes of T9,you could locate them by which of the following landmarks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Just lateral to the spinous process of T11 
B)  Just lateral to the spinous process of T10 
C)  Just lateral to the spinous process of T9 
D)  Just lateral to the spinous process of T8 
A)  Just lateral to the spinous process of T11 
B)  Just lateral to the spinous process of T10 
C)  Just lateral to the spinous process of T9 
D)  Just lateral to the spinous process of T8

Question 18

Which of the following describes biochemical changes that occur in the intervertebral disc with aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased proteoglycan concentration in the nucleus pulposus 
B)  Increased water-binding capacity 
C)  Increased collagen content in nucleus pulposus 
D)  Increased elastin content in the anulus fibrosis 
A)  Increased proteoglycan concentration in the nucleus pulposus 
B)  Increased water-binding capacity 
C)  Increased collagen content in nucleus pulposus 
D)  Increased elastin content in the anulus fibrosis

Question 19

Which of the following may contribute to a dysfunction of trunk deviation (L)with forward bending?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tight erector spinae muscles (R) 
B)  Stiff facet joint capsule on (L) 
C)  Poor strength (L)internal and external oblique muscles 
D)  Facet joint osteophyte on (R) 
A)  Tight erector spinae muscles (R) 
B)  Stiff facet joint capsule on (L) 
C)  Poor strength (L)internal and external oblique muscles 
D)  Facet joint osteophyte on (R)

Question 20

The (R)alar ligament limits ________________of C1 on C2.

Accepted Answer

A)  (R)rotation 
B)  (L)rotation 
C)  Extension 
D)  Both (R)and (L)lateral flexion 
A)  (R)rotation 
B)  (L)rotation 
C)  Extension 
D)  Both (R)and (L)lateral flexion

Which of the following factors is the primary contributor to the vertebral body's decreased ability to withstand compressive forces as it ages?

Identify the ligaments that are unique to each of the areas,including the motions each ligament checks.

In the cervical spine,the greatest amount of rotation is available at which of the following motion segments?

What parts of the typical vertebra are included in the anterior portion of the vertebra? In the posterior portion?

Which of the following abdominal muscles would be active during trunk rotation to the right?

If a person stands and bends forward while attempting to touch his or her toes (keeping knees extended),this produces at the innominates,at the sacrum and flexion of the lumbar spine.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the surface of the sacroiliac joints?

What is the difference between the lamina and the pedicle of the vertebrae?

What is the function of lumbopelvic rhythm? To what is this analogous?

Which of the following is true with regard to the structure of the anulus fibrosis of the normal intervertebral disc?

Which of the following structures would be best suited to resist the tensile forces produced during spinal extension?

Give the new name acquired by each of the following ligaments as it passes cephalad to the axis: anterior longitudinal ligament,posterior longitudinal ligament,ligamentum flavum,and supraspinous.

Which of the following describes the lumbar spine facet joint arthrokinematic motion during (L)lateral flexion in the neutral position?

Given the vertebral structure and orientation of the facet joints in the thoracic spine,which of the following motions would be most limited?

Compare the mobility-stability of the cervical (C2 to C7)and thoracic regions,including the structures implicated.

Describe the role of the disc in compressive loading of the spine.What happens under normal circumstances? What happens when normal forces are exceeded?

If you needed to perform joint mobilization on the transverse processes of T9,you could locate them by which of the following landmarks?

Which of the following describes biochemical changes that occur in the intervertebral disc with aging?

Which of the following may contribute to a dysfunction of trunk deviation (L)with forward bending?

The (R)alar ligament limits ________________of C1 on C2.

Biomechanical Applications to Joint Structure and Function

Joint Structure and Function

Muscle Structure and Function

The Thorax and Chest Wall

The Temporomandibular Joint

The Shoulder Complex

The Elbow Complex

The Wrist and Hand Complex

The Hip Complex

The Knee Complex

The Ankle and Foot Complex

Filters

Exam 4: The Vertebral Column

Which of the following factors is the primary contributor to the vertebral body's decreased ability to withstand compressive forces as it ages?

Identify the ligaments that are unique to each of the areas,including the motions each ligament checks.

In the cervical spine,the greatest amount of rotation is available at which of the following motion segments?

What parts of the typical vertebra are included in the anterior portion of the vertebra? In the posterior portion?

Which of the following abdominal muscles would be active during trunk rotation to the right?

If a person stands and bends forward while attempting to touch his or her toes (keeping knees extended),this produces ________________at the innominates,________________at the sacrum and flexion of the lumbar spine.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the surface of the sacroiliac joints?

What is the difference between the lamina and the pedicle of the vertebrae?

What is the function of lumbopelvic rhythm? To what is this analogous?

Which of the following is true with regard to the structure of the anulus fibrosis of the normal intervertebral disc?

Which of the following structures would be best suited to resist the tensile forces produced during spinal extension?

Give the new name acquired by each of the following ligaments as it passes cephalad to the axis: anterior longitudinal ligament,posterior longitudinal ligament,ligamentum flavum,and supraspinous.

Which of the following describes the lumbar spine facet joint arthrokinematic motion during (L)lateral flexion in the neutral position?

Given the vertebral structure and orientation of the facet joints in the thoracic spine,which of the following motions would be most limited?

Compare the mobility-stability of the cervical (C2 to C7)and thoracic regions,including the structures implicated.

Describe the role of the disc in compressive loading of the spine.What happens under normal circumstances? What happens when normal forces are exceeded?

If you needed to perform joint mobilization on the transverse processes of T9,you could locate them by which of the following landmarks?

Which of the following describes biochemical changes that occur in the intervertebral disc with aging?

Which of the following may contribute to a dysfunction of trunk deviation (L)with forward bending?

The (R)alar ligament limits ________________of C1 on C2.

Biomechanical Applications to Joint Structure and Function

Joint Structure and Function

Muscle Structure and Function

The Thorax and Chest Wall

The Temporomandibular Joint

The Shoulder Complex

The Elbow Complex

The Wrist and Hand Complex

The Hip Complex

The Knee Complex

The Ankle and Foot Complex

Filters

If a person stands and bends forward while attempting to touch his or her toes (keeping knees extended),this produces at the innominates,at the sacrum and flexion of the lumbar spine.