Chat with AIExam 1: Biomechanical Applications to Joint Structure and Function
A student is carrying all his books for his Fall semester courses (first year)in his right arm.What does the additional weight do to the combined center of gravity (CoG)of body and books? How will his body most likely respond to this change?
(43) 
VerifiedThe center of gravity (for body and books)will be higher and to the right of S2.Because this new location of the CoG would bring the line of gravity (LoG)to the right side of his base of support,he will lean to the left to bring the LoG back to the middle of the base of support (most stable place).The shift in the CoG is unavoidable.The shift of the LoG is an automatic adaptation but under some volitional control.
How do you determine the net effect of two muscle pulls applied to the same spot? What is this process called?
(36) VerifiedYou find the resultant pull of the two forces by drawing the two forces,creating a parallelogram by adding sides parallel to each of the forces,and drawing a diagonal within the parallelogram.The resultant is the diagonal with its point of application at the original source and whose arrow head (limit of magnitude)is at the opposite corner of the parallelogram.This is called composition of forces.
Explain how anatomical pulleys affect the magnitude and direction of a muscle force (Fms).
(33) VerifiedAnatomical pulleys (always single pulleys)do not affect the magnitude of Fms but do change the direction of pull.The change in action line generally brings the action line away from the joint axis,thus increasing the moment arm or rotatory component of the applied force.
When the centers of mass (CoM)of two adjacent segments are combined,the combined CoM will be located somewhere along a line connecting the two individual CoMs.
(33) Which of the following statements describes the relationship between joint reaction forces and the translational/rotatory component forces?
(44) A ________________class lever is described by the fulcrum occurring at one end,followed by the resistance (load or weight)and then the force (effort).
(35) When you raise a cup to your mouth,a ________________of motion occurs at the elbow joint.
(35) Which of the following describes the phenomenon that causes a body moving at a constant speed to remain at that speed,unless it is acted upon by another body or force?
(37) Which of the following describes the phenomenon that when two forces come in contact,the second force will respond to the contact by the first force with equal magnitude and in the opposite direction?
(40) What kind of force system do the fibers within a muscle form? Explain.
(34) If a force is applied at an angle to a lever (not 90°,not 0°),what is the process by which you determine the torque applied to the lever by that force?
(35) As your patient abducts her shoulder from 90° to 120°,the moment arm decreases.If the torque from the deltoid remains constant,the force of the deltoid would ________________as the shoulder abducted.
(37) If you have a patient with a recent ligamentous injury to his knee,which of the following positions would you want to avoid and why: sitting,prone,supine,sitting with legs over the edge of the bed,or prone with knees flexed to 90°.
(34) Considering the figure below,which of the following answers best represents the direction of the resultant force? 
(31) What happens to the center of gravity (CoG)of the body when the body segments are rearranged? What happens to the CoG if the right upper extremity is amputated?
(38) The relative line of gravity changes with changes in body position.
(37) If not all of a muscle's force is contributing to rotation,what happens to the "wasted" force? Describe by resolution of forces.
(39) 
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