Question 1

A strong negative correlation coefficient indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  two variables are not related. 
B)  two variables are inversely related. 
C)  there has been measurement error. 
D)  there has been calculation error 
A)  two variables are not related. 
B)  two variables are inversely related. 
C)  there has been measurement error. 
D)  there has been calculation error B

Question 2

The common variance shared by the predictor and criterion variables is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A)  coefficient of determination. 
B)  standard error of regression. 
C)  coefficient of regression. 
D)  standard error of determination. 
A)  coefficient of determination. 
B)  standard error of regression. 
C)  coefficient of regression. 
D)  standard error of determination. A

Question 3

In a single prediction question (Y=a + bX), Y represents a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  predicted criterion score. 
B)  distribution of scores in the sample. 
C)  individual's score. 
D)  constant calculated from the scores. 
A)  predicted criterion score. 
B)  distribution of scores in the sample. 
C)  individual's score. 
D)  constant calculated from the scores. A

Question 4

Given a correlation of r = .60, the common variance shared by the variables is

Accepted Answer

A)  16%. 
B)  36%. 
C)  60%. 
D)  90%. 
A)  16%. 
B)  36%. 
C)  60%. 
D)  90%.

Question 5

In a single prediction question (Y=a + bX), X represents a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  predicted criterion score. 
B)  distribution of scores in the sample. 
C)  individual's score on the predictor variable. 
D)  constant calculated from the scores. 
A)  predicted criterion score. 
B)  distribution of scores in the sample. 
C)  individual's score on the predictor variable. 
D)  constant calculated from the scores.

Question 6

A correlation between reading and math achievement scores on a national standardized test for first graders indicates a correlation of r = .90. How much variance do these scores share?

Accepted Answer

A)  30% 
B)  45% 
C)  81% 
D)  90% 
A)  30% 
B)  45% 
C)  81% 
D)  90%

Question 7

According to your text, the fewest number of participants required for a correlation study is

Accepted Answer

A)  15. 
B)  30. 
C)  45. 
D)  60. 
A)  15. 
B)  30. 
C)  45. 
D)  60.

Question 8

Sam concluded in his research report that as class size increased teaching efficacy also increased. Of the following which is a correlation coefficient would best support Sam's claim.

Accepted Answer

A)  -.82 
B)  .09 
C)  .24 
D)  .68 
A)  -.82 
B)  .09 
C)  .24 
D)  .68

Question 9

A Pearson r correlation is best used for data that is expressed as

Accepted Answer

A)  ordinal and continuous. 
B)  only rank. 
C)  only ordinal. 
D)  only continuous. 
A)  ordinal and continuous. 
B)  only rank. 
C)  only ordinal. 
D)  only continuous.

Question 10

Of the following research topics, which is most likely to represent a prediction study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mathematics activities found in a sixth grade math class. 
B)  The teaching philosophy of a new mathematics teacher. 
C)  The relationship between mathematics grades and math class in the next semester. 
D)  The differences in mathematics grades based upon parents' educational level. 
A)  The mathematics activities found in a sixth grade math class. 
B)  The teaching philosophy of a new mathematics teacher. 
C)  The relationship between mathematics grades and math class in the next semester. 
D)  The differences in mathematics grades based upon parents' educational level.

Question 11

Kevin's analysis indicated that in his dataset SES was correlated r = .25 with absenteeism. This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  as SES increases there is a corresponding increase in absenteeism. 
B)  SES is moderately correlated with absenteeism. 
C)  SES is weakly correlated with absenteeism. 
D)  absenteeism is strongly correlated with SES. 
A)  as SES increases there is a corresponding increase in absenteeism. 
B)  SES is moderately correlated with absenteeism. 
C)  SES is weakly correlated with absenteeism. 
D)  absenteeism is strongly correlated with SES.

Question 12

Given the graph below what is the most likely correlation between these variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  -.60 
B)  .30 
C)  .80 
D)  1.0 
A)  -.60 
B)  .30 
C)  .80 
D)  1.0

Question 13

Monica, on the other hand, reported a correlation of 3.4 between community service and interest in helping professions among adolescents. This finding suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no relationship between community service and interest in helping professions. 
B)  the more community service one performs the more likely one is to have interest in a helping profession. 
C)  the more community service one performs the less likely one is to have interest in a helping profession. 
D)  Monica has calculated the correlation incorrectly because 3.4 is not a possible correlation coefficient. 
A)  there is no relationship between community service and interest in helping professions. 
B)  the more community service one performs the more likely one is to have interest in a helping profession. 
C)  the more community service one performs the less likely one is to have interest in a helping profession. 
D)  Monica has calculated the correlation incorrectly because 3.4 is not a possible correlation coefficient.

Question 14

Duffy's research addresses the relationships among amount of practice time, race times, and motivation for running in high school athletes. He measures motivation for running by a Likert scale. Given Duffy's research, which one of the following correlation coefficients should he use to analyze his data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kendall's tau 
B)  Spearman's rho 
C)  Pearson r 
D)  Phi coefficient 
A)  Kendall's tau 
B)  Spearman's rho 
C)  Pearson r 
D)  Phi coefficient

Question 15

Joe uses age, family size, and income to predict scores on a survey of happiness. The results were statistically significant with a coefficient of determination of 64%. He collects a new sample and examines the regression equation. In Joe's second sample, the common variance will likely __________ due to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease, attenuation 
B)  increase, replication 
C)  decrease, shrinkage 
D)  increase, regression. 
A)  decrease, attenuation 
B)  increase, replication 
C)  decrease, shrinkage 
D)  increase, regression.

Question 16

Low reliability of variables

Accepted Answer

A)  does not effect interrelatedness of variables. 
B)  decreases the chance of finding significant relationships. 
C)  increases the chance of finding number of significant relationships. 
D)  may either increase of decrease the chance of finding significant relationship. 
A)  does not effect interrelatedness of variables. 
B)  decreases the chance of finding significant relationships. 
C)  increases the chance of finding number of significant relationships. 
D)  may either increase of decrease the chance of finding significant relationship.

Question 17

Correlational studies are used primarily to

Accepted Answer

A)  examine relationships among quantifiable variables. 
B)  examine if differences between groups exist. 
C)  determine causal relationships. 
D)  determine if experimental treatments work. 
A)  examine relationships among quantifiable variables. 
B)  examine if differences between groups exist. 
C)  determine causal relationships. 
D)  determine if experimental treatments work.

Question 18

Gretchen wanted to see whether, given a sample of teachers' that graduated from colleges and Universities, GPA in college was related to starting salary as a teacher. Which correlation coefficient should Gretchen calculate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pearson r 
B)  eta 
C)  Kendall's tau 
D)  Spearman rho 
A)  Pearson r 
B)  eta 
C)  Kendall's tau 
D)  Spearman rho

Question 19

When using correlational analysis with multiple predictors and multiple criterion variables, the appropriate procedure is

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiple Linear Regression 
B)  Canonical correlation 
C)  Discriminate function analysis 
D)  Path analysis 
A)  Multiple Linear Regression 
B)  Canonical correlation 
C)  Discriminate function analysis 
D)  Path analysis

Question 20

In a prediction study of low achieving students academic motivation, Hillary was surprised that achievement scores were not a significant predictor of motivation. Hillary's analysis is most likely is displaying

Accepted Answer

A)  shrinkage. 
B)  attenuation. 
C)  standard variance. 
D)  restriction of range. 
A)  shrinkage. 
B)  attenuation. 
C)  standard variance. 
D)  restriction of range.

Exam 8: Correlational Research

A strong negative correlation coefficient indicates that

The common variance shared by the predictor and criterion variables is referred to as the

In a single prediction question (Y=a + bX), Y represents a(n)

Given a correlation of r = .60, the common variance shared by the variables is

In a single prediction question (Y=a + bX), X represents a(n)

A correlation between reading and math achievement scores on a national standardized test for first graders indicates a correlation of r = .90. How much variance do these scores share?

According to your text, the fewest number of participants required for a correlation study is

Sam concluded in his research report that as class size increased teaching efficacy also increased. Of the following which is a correlation coefficient would best support Sam's claim.

A Pearson r correlation is best used for data that is expressed as

Of the following research topics, which is most likely to represent a prediction study?

Kevin's analysis indicated that in his dataset SES was correlated r = .25 with absenteeism. This indicates that

Given the graph below what is the most likely correlation between these variables?

Monica, on the other hand, reported a correlation of 3.4 between community service and interest in helping professions among adolescents. This finding suggests that

Low reliability of variables

Correlational studies are used primarily to

Gretchen wanted to see whether, given a sample of teachers' that graduated from colleges and Universities, GPA in college was related to starting salary as a teacher. Which correlation coefficient should Gretchen calculate?

When using correlational analysis with multiple predictors and multiple criterion variables, the appropriate procedure is

In a prediction study of low achieving students academic motivation, Hillary was surprised that achievement scores were not a significant predictor of motivation. Hillary's analysis is most likely is displaying

Introduction to Educational Research

Selecting and Defining a Research Topic

Reviewing the Literature

Preparing and Evaluating a Research Plan

Selecting a Sample

Selecting Measurement Instruments

Survey Research

Causal-Comparative Research

Experimental Research

Single-Subject Experimental Research

Narrative Research

Ethnographic Research

Case Study Research

Mixed Methods Research

Action Research

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Qualitative Data Collection

Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation

Preparing a Research Report

Evaluating a Research Report

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