Exam 10: Experimental Research

The type of validity concerned with whether findings can be generalized to other groups or other settings is referred to as

Laura has developed a new treatment to increase spatial ability. She randomly assigns students to either her intervention or a control condition. In the treatment condition students engage in working puzzles for twenty minutes a day for 10 days. Unfortunately, students do not like her intervention and refuse to do puzzles for all of the days. When she examines post-test means on the spatial ability measure, there are no differences between her treatment and the control condition. Which of the following demonstrates a threat to validity demonstrated in this study?

Which of the following is a drawback of the Solomon Four group design?

Linda is conducting a federally-funded research project that examines literacy skills in middle school learners. Bonnie recently started a new study that specifically focuses on reading strategies. Some of the students are participating in both studies.

Audrey examines students' learning of science principles from interactive games. She randomly assigns the fifth grade students in her study to a control condition with no play time, a timed play condition, or an unlimited time play condition. She also groups her students into either high or low ability groups. She measures her students with a knowledge pretest, a post-test, and a delayed post-test. Which of the following best represents Audrey's study design?

One caution with factorial designs is that

A factorial design includes:

The threat to validity defined as the effects of the occurrence of events that are not part of the treatment but affect the dependent variable is

In an experimental study, the loss of participants in the experimental condition can be referred to as

Molly's study examines the benefits of exercise on weight loss. In one group she advocates exercise as well as a new diet program. In the comparison group she only presents the diet program. Those in the comparison group find out that some of Molly's clients are in an exercise program too, so they form an exercise group. This is an example of

A laboratory study compared learning from text in two conditions, one with underlining of important terms and one without underlining, found that the underlining group did better on factual items. Marina then conducted a study with tenth-grade history students and compared one group that read a chapter with the important text underlined and one group that read a chapter without any underlining. Marina's study illustrates an example of a(n)

A study that addressed the effects of gender and four types of practice (manipulated by the researcher) would be symbolized as

Jack wants to test whether runners on his cross-country team improve with his new training regimen. He measures their run times at the beginning of the season and again at the end of the season. Runners in Jack's study improving their times due to running generally and not necessarily due to the new regimen is an example of which of the following threats?

According to your text the research should report any difficulty obtaining samples because of the increased threat of

Given a choice of the following research designs, which design controls the most threats to internal validity?

An experiment examined whether giving children recess prior to testing helped their test performance. For one of the semesters, the researcher sends half of the classes out for 10 minutes of recess prior to testing. For the other half, he provides 10 minutes of free time after the test. The students in the non recess condition decided they would try harder on the tests because they did not go to recess. This is an example of a(n)

Chin-Hsing conducted a study that examined motivation for sport and academics in a Taiwanese school for gifted athletes. One concern that Chin-Hsing has is that the results from the study may not generalize to another school or country. The validity threat most evident in his concern is

Nadine conducted a pretest-posttest control group design. The comparison group received traditional lecture of course content while the treatment group received the lecture and instructor-provided summary notes. She found, however, no differences between conditions, due in part to students sharing the instructor summaries across conditions. This is an example of

Audrey examines students' learning of science principles from interactive games. She randomly assigns the fifth grade students in her study to a control condition with no play time, a timed play condition, or an unlimited time play condition. She also groups her students into either high or low ability groups. She measures her students with a knowledge pretest, a post-test, and a delayed post-test. Which of the following is an independent variable in Audrey's study?

Which of the following is a threat to internal validity?