Exam 9: Causal-Comparative Research

A causal-comparative study requires

Katrina has conducted a study that examines entering children's social skills. She had first-grade teachers rate students' social skills at the end of first grade. She then compared the scores of students who attended formal Pre-Kindergarten programs with those who did not. What is the dependent variable in Katrina's study?

Of the following, which is considered an organismic variable?

Katlyn examined attitudes about a new portfolio assignment she included in her advanced graphics class. She felt this assignment might result in more positive attitudes in her male students than in her female students. She is concerned about extraneous variables and would like to control use ACT scores as a control Which of the following is the best control procedure?

All of the following are relative weaknesses of causal-comparative research when compared with other forms of quantitative research EXCEPT

One similarity between causal-comparative and correlational research is that both

Ms. Angelo examines whether there are differences in students' gain achievement scores from the last administration based upon the nature of the out of class reading she assigns during the school year. In two of her sections, she allows students to read seven books that they want to read. In two of her other sections, she assigns seven texts. In her last two sections she assigns four texts and allows students to select three. What is the independent measure in Ms. Angelo's study?

One similarity between causal-comparative and experimental research is that both

Laura is designing a study that examines difference in social skills between children raised in a three-generation family household compared to those raised in a two-generation family home. Laura is most likely to study this research problem by use of causal-comparative research because

Jon is interested in the benefits of community service for student self-esteem. He administers a self-esteem measure at the beginning of the school year and then assigns students to one of three types of community service activities. After the service is complete he again measures their self-esteem to see differences. Which of the following might be a causal-comparative research question Jon first posed prior to designing his study?

Of the following which is an example of a prospective casual-comparative study?

Of the following, which describes a likely causal-comparative study?

Given the following design, identify the most probable example of the study from the descriptions below. E X O C O

Ruth collected data on boys' and girls' self-esteem. Which statistical procedure will Ruth employ to analyze differences between conditions?

Ms. Angelo examines whether there are differences in students' gain achievement scores from the last administration based upon the nature of the out of class reading she assigns during the school year. In two of her sections, she allows students to read seven books that they want to read. In two of her other sections, she assigns seven texts. In her last two sections she assigns four texts and allows students to select three. What is the dependent measure in Ms. Angelo's study?

Which of the following is considered an ability variable?

Alice's study examined the benefits of early morning exercise on young children's attention during circle time. She had two groups of students, one who came to circle time first and then had recess and a second group that had recess before circle time. She is comparing the groups' attention based upon a frequency of off-task behaviors by group at circle. The likely descriptive statistic for Alice's dependent variable is

Given the following design, identify the most probable example of the study from the descriptions below. E X₁ O C X₂ O

Katrina has conducted a study that examines entering children's social skills. She had first-grade teachers rate students' social skills at the end of first grade. She then compared the scores of students who attended formal Pre-Kindergarten programs with those who did not. What is the independent variable in Katrina's study?

Stan's study examined the differences in self-concept between children enrolled in a summer outdoor adventure program and those who were not. The adventure group children had slightly higher self-concept prior to the program than the comparison group, so Stan took individual's initial self-concept score into consideration when he examined his data. Which of the following strategies for controlling extraneous variables did Stan employ?