Question 1

_____ is a change in an organism's behavior as a result of experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning 
B)  Memory 
C)  Cognition 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  Learning 
B)  Memory 
C)  Cognition 
D)  All of the answers are correct. A

Question 2

If a monkey has to remember the position of a light for a delay period after the light goes out,neurons in the _____ fire to help the monkey retain a memory trace.

Accepted Answer

A)  hippocampus 
B)  prefrontal cortex 
C)  inferior temporal cortex 
D)  occipital cortex 
A)  hippocampus 
B)  prefrontal cortex 
C)  inferior temporal cortex 
D)  occipital cortex B

Question 3

Administration of _____ has been shown to help improve recovery from brain injury in animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  L-dopa 
B)  steroids 
C)  nerve growth factor 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  L-dopa 
B)  steroids 
C)  nerve growth factor 
D)  All of the answers are correct. C

Question 4

A patient named Boswell was described in your text as having severe amnesia-for events both prior to and after his illness-while maintaining implicit memory.His brain damage included the:

Accepted Answer

A)  medial temporal cortex. 
B)  basal ganglia. 
C)  sensory cortex. 
D)  motor cortex. 
A)  medial temporal cortex. 
B)  basal ganglia. 
C)  sensory cortex. 
D)  motor cortex.

Question 5

You are in a crowded supermarket with your 4-year-old nephew.When you are in the candy aisle,he asks you for a chocolate bar.You initially refuse,saying that it is not good for him to eat candy.He begins to cry and whine loudly.Embarrassed by all the attention you are attracting,you buy him the chocolate bar to stop him from crying.Now every time you go to the store,your nephew whines until you buy him something.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  fear conditioning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  respondent conditioning. 
A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  fear conditioning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  respondent conditioning.

Question 6

Brain tissue transplant has shown some promise in treating:

Accepted Answer

A)  Alzheimer disease. 
B)  Huntington disease. 
C)  anterograde amnesia. 
D)  Parkinson disease. 
A)  Alzheimer disease. 
B)  Huntington disease. 
C)  anterograde amnesia. 
D)  Parkinson disease.

Question 7

Early research with patient H.M.demonstrated that the hippocampus:

Accepted Answer

A)  was the storage site for all long-term memories. 
B)  was the storage site for all short-term memories. 
C)  played a critical role in memory consolidation. 
D)  played no important role in memory. 
A)  was the storage site for all long-term memories. 
B)  was the storage site for all short-term memories. 
C)  played a critical role in memory consolidation. 
D)  played no important role in memory.

Question 8

Long-term depression (LTD)involves repeated _____ electrical stimulation resulting in a _____ in synaptic effectiveness.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-frequency;long-lasting increase 
B)  low-frequency;long-lasting decrease 
C)  high-frequency;short-term decrease 
D)  high-frequency;long-lasting decrease 
A)  high-frequency;long-lasting increase 
B)  low-frequency;long-lasting decrease 
C)  high-frequency;short-term decrease 
D)  high-frequency;long-lasting decrease

Question 9

Long-term potentiation (LTP)involves repeated _____ electrical stimulation resulting in a _____ in synaptic effectiveness.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-frequency;long-lasting increase 
B)  low-frequency;long-lasting decrease 
C)  high-frequency;short-term decrease 
D)  high-frequency;long-lasting decrease 
A)  high-frequency;long-lasting increase 
B)  low-frequency;long-lasting decrease 
C)  high-frequency;short-term decrease 
D)  high-frequency;long-lasting decrease

Question 10

Which of the following areas is most likely involved in visuospatial memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia 
B)  parahippocampal region 
C)  perirhinal region 
D)  limbic region 
A)  basal ganglia 
B)  parahippocampal region 
C)  perirhinal region 
D)  limbic region

Question 11

Prolonged exposure to the hormones called glucocorticoids:

Accepted Answer

A)  increases dendritic branching in the hippocampus. 
B)  kills cells in the hippocampus. 
C)  decreases glial numbers. 
D)  increases spatial memory. 
A)  increases dendritic branching in the hippocampus. 
B)  kills cells in the hippocampus. 
C)  decreases glial numbers. 
D)  increases spatial memory.

Question 12

Pavlovian conditioning is controlled by circuits in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal cortex. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  brainstem. 
D)  cerebellum. 
A)  frontal cortex. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  brainstem. 
D)  cerebellum.

Question 13

Ms.Jones is a grade 3 teacher who is having some trouble with children misbehaving and disrupting class.Instead of punishing the students who misbehave,she decides to reward good behavior in class by allowing her students an extra recess each Friday if everyone in the class has been good all week.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  respondent conditioning. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  respondent conditioning. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 14

_____ cells,in the _____,fire when an animal is in a specific location.

Accepted Answer

A)  Grid cells;hippocampus 
B)  Head direction cells;entorhinal cortex 
C)  Place cells;hippocampus 
D)  Place cells;parahippocampal cortex 
A)  Grid cells;hippocampus 
B)  Head direction cells;entorhinal cortex 
C)  Place cells;hippocampus 
D)  Place cells;parahippocampal cortex

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an example of implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  You have not been on a bicycle for almost 10 years,but you can still ride one. 
B)  You have learned to associate a tone with a puff of air to your eye that causes an eye blink. 
C)  You figured out a word in your crossword puzzle more quickly because you overheard someone say the word this morning at work,even though you do not remember actually hearing it. 
D)  You remember the day that your coach taught you how to properly catch a baseball. 
A)  You have not been on a bicycle for almost 10 years,but you can still ride one. 
B)  You have learned to associate a tone with a puff of air to your eye that causes an eye blink. 
C)  You figured out a word in your crossword puzzle more quickly because you overheard someone say the word this morning at work,even though you do not remember actually hearing it. 
D)  You remember the day that your coach taught you how to properly catch a baseball.

Question 16

Instrumental conditioning circuits are found:

Accepted Answer

A)  in the amygdala. 
B)  in the cerebellum. 
C)  throughout the brain. 
D)  in the frontal cortex. 
A)  in the amygdala. 
B)  in the cerebellum. 
C)  throughout the brain. 
D)  in the frontal cortex.

Question 17

In rats,a(n)_____ leads to an increase in the number of dendritic spines,and a(n)_____ leads to a decrease in dendritic spines.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in estrogen;decrease in estrogen 
B)  decrease in estrogen;increase in estrogen 
C)  increase in testosterone;decrease in testosterone 
D)  decrease in testosterone;increase in testosterone 
A)  increase in estrogen;decrease in estrogen 
B)  decrease in estrogen;increase in estrogen 
C)  increase in testosterone;decrease in testosterone 
D)  decrease in testosterone;increase in testosterone

Question 18

Amnesics generally lose the ability to do:

Accepted Answer

A)  explicit and implicit memory tasks. 
B)  explicit memory tasks. 
C)  implicit memory tasks. 
D)  any verbal-content tasks but not motor tasks. 
A)  explicit and implicit memory tasks. 
B)  explicit memory tasks. 
C)  implicit memory tasks. 
D)  any verbal-content tasks but not motor tasks.

Question 19

Your friend Devin,who is left-handed,has played the electric guitar for almost 20 years.If you conducted an MRI scan of Devin's brain,you would expect to see an increase in the size of his:

Accepted Answer

A)  hand region in motor cortex in the left hemisphere. 
B)  basal ganglia in the left hemisphere. 
C)  hand region in motor cortex in the right hemisphere. 
D)  cerebellum in the right hemisphere. 
A)  hand region in motor cortex in the left hemisphere. 
B)  basal ganglia in the left hemisphere. 
C)  hand region in motor cortex in the right hemisphere. 
D)  cerebellum in the right hemisphere.

Question 20

Repeated exposure to amphetamine or cocaine:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases spine density in the frontal cortex. 
B)  results in a lesser response over time. 
C)  results in a long-lasting change in the brain. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  decreases spine density in the frontal cortex. 
B)  results in a lesser response over time. 
C)  results in a long-lasting change in the brain. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Exam 14:How Do We Learn and Remember? Part A

_____ is a change in an organism's behavior as a result of experience.

If a monkey has to remember the position of a light for a delay period after the light goes out,neurons in the _____ fire to help the monkey retain a memory trace.

Administration of _____ has been shown to help improve recovery from brain injury in animals.

A patient named Boswell was described in your text as having severe amnesia-for events both prior to and after his illness-while maintaining implicit memory.His brain damage included the:

Brain tissue transplant has shown some promise in treating:

Early research with patient H.M.demonstrated that the hippocampus:

Long-term depression (LTD)involves repeated _____ electrical stimulation resulting in a _____ in synaptic effectiveness.

Long-term potentiation (LTP)involves repeated _____ electrical stimulation resulting in a _____ in synaptic effectiveness.

Which of the following areas is most likely involved in visuospatial memory?

Prolonged exposure to the hormones called glucocorticoids:

Pavlovian conditioning is controlled by circuits in the:

_____ cells,in the _____,fire when an animal is in a specific location.

Which of the following is NOT an example of implicit memory?

Instrumental conditioning circuits are found:

In rats,a(n)_____ leads to an increase in the number of dendritic spines,and a(n)_____ leads to a decrease in dendritic spines.

Amnesics generally lose the ability to do:

Your friend Devin,who is left-handed,has played the electric guitar for almost 20 years.If you conducted an MRI scan of Devin's brain,you would expect to see an increase in the size of his:

Repeated exposure to amphetamine or cocaine:

What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior? Part A

What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior? Part B

What Is the Nervous System's Functional Anatomy? Part A

What Is the Nervous System's Functional Anatomy? Part B

What Is the Nervous System's Functional Anatomy? Part C

What Are the Nervous System's Functional Units? Part A

What Are the Nervous System's Functional Units? Part B

What Are the Nervous System's Functional Units? Part C

How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to Transmit Information? Part A

How Do Neurons Use Electrical Signals to Transmit Information? Part B

How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt? Part A

How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt? Part B

How Do Neurons Communicate and Adapt? Part C

How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and Behavior? Part A

How Do Drugs and Hormones Influence the Brain and Behavior? Part B

How Do We Study the Brain's Structures and Functions? Part A

How Do We Study the Brain's Structures and Functions? Part B

How Does the Nervous System Develop and Adapt? Part A

How Does the Nervous System Develop and Adapt? Part B

How Does the Nervous System Develop and Adapt? Part C

How Do We Sense, Perceive, and See the World? Part A

How Do We Sense, Perceive, and See the World? Part B

How Do We Sense, Perceive, and See the World? Part C

How Do We Hear, Speak, and Make Music? Part A

How Do We Hear, Speak, and Make Music? Part B

How Do We Hear, Speak, and Make Music? Part C

How Does the Nervous System Respond to Stimulation and Produce Movement? Part A

How Does the Nervous System Respond to Stimulation and Produce Movement? Part B

How Does the Nervous System Respond to Stimulation and Produce Movement? Part C

What Causes Emotional and Motivated Behavior? Part A

What Causes Emotional and Motivated Behavior? Part B

Why Do We Sleep and Dream? Part A

Why Do We Sleep and Dream? Part B

Why Do We Sleep and Dream? Part C

How Do We Learn and Remember? Part B

How Do We Learn and Remember? Part C

How Does the Brain Think? Part A

How Does the Brain Think? Part B

What Happens When the Brain Misbehaves?

Filters

Long-term depression (LTD)involves repeated _ electrical stimulation resulting in a _ in synaptic effectiveness.

Long-term potentiation (LTP)involves repeated _ electrical stimulation resulting in a _ in synaptic effectiveness.

_ cells,in the _,fire when an animal is in a specific location.

In rats,a(n)_ leads to an increase in the number of dendritic spines,and a(n)_ leads to a decrease in dendritic spines.