Exam 21: Public-Key Cryptography and Message Authentication

The purpose of the algorithm is to enable two users to exchange a __________ securely that can then be used for subsequent encryption of messages.

_________ are analogous to a burglar guessing a safe combination by observing how long it takes to turn the dial from number to number.

SHA-1 is considered to be very secure.

Four possible approaches to attacking the RSA algorithm are: brute force,timing attacks,_________ attacks,and chosen ciphertext attacks.

The _________ attack exploits the common use of a modular exponentiation algorithm in RSA encryption and decryption,but can be adapted to work with any implementation that does not run in fixed time.

The appeal of HMAC is that its designers have been able to prove an exact relationship between the strength of the embedded hash function and the strength of HMAC.

Cryptographic hash functions generally execute faster in software than conventional encryption algorithms such as DES.

"Must support hash value lengths of 224,256,384,and 512 bits" and "algorithm must process small blocks at a time instead of requiring the entire message to be buffered in memory before processing it" are requirements for ________.

The operations performed during a round consist of circular shifts,and primitive Boolean functions based on DSS,MD5,SHA,and RSA.

___________ was the first published public-key algorithm.

NIST has published FIPS PUB 186,which is known as the ___________.

The purpose of the __________ algorithm is to enable two users to exchange a secret key securely that can then be used for subsequent encryption of messages.

The DSS makes use of the _________ and presents a new digital signature technique,the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA).

SHA-1 produces a hash value of __________ bits.

Timing attacks are only applicable to RSA.

SHA-2 shares the same structure and mathematical operations as its predecessors and this is a cause for concern.

HMAC can be proven secure provided that the embedded hash function has some reasonable cryptographic strengths.

RSA is a block cipher in which the plaintext and ciphertext are integers between 0 and n - 1 for some n.

A __________ type of attack exploits properties of the RSA algorithm.

_________ attacks have several approaches,all equivalent in effort to factoring the product of two primes.