Question 1

What is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I error 
B)  correct 
C)  Type II error 
D)  variance 
A)  Type I error 
B)  correct 
C)  Type II error 
D)  variance A

Question 2

The first step for conducting a meta-analysis is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decide on an appropriate statistical software package 
B)  develop a system to code the various dimensions of the study 
C)  collect as many studies as possible or at least a representative group 
D)  determine the most appropriate type of descriptive or correlational technique to examine the outcomes of the studies as a whole 
A)  decide on an appropriate statistical software package 
B)  develop a system to code the various dimensions of the study 
C)  collect as many studies as possible or at least a representative group 
D)  determine the most appropriate type of descriptive or correlational technique to examine the outcomes of the studies as a whole C

Question 3

To compare findings from many different studies that use the same dependent variable, what technique is used?

Accepted Answer

A)  MANOVA 
B)  factor analysis 
C)  t-test 
D)  meta-analysis 
A)  MANOVA 
B)  factor analysis 
C)  t-test 
D)  meta-analysis D

Question 4

What is the crucial element in making an accurate inference?

Accepted Answer

A)  obtaining a representative sample of the population 
B)  obtaining a representative population of the sample 
C)  being well versed in multivariate statistical procedures 
D)  doing a good literature review 
A)  obtaining a representative sample of the population 
B)  obtaining a representative population of the sample 
C)  being well versed in multivariate statistical procedures 
D)  doing a good literature review

Question 5

If Helen mistakenly accepts her null hypothesis when it should be rejected, what has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I error 
B)  Type II error 
C)  researcher bias 
D)  none of the above 
A)  Type I error 
B)  Type II error 
C)  researcher bias 
D)  none of the above

Question 6

How can Type II errors be reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing sample size 
B)  homogeneous population 
C)  increasing sample size 
D)  heterogeneous population 
A)  decreasing sample size 
B)  homogeneous population 
C)  increasing sample size 
D)  heterogeneous population

Question 7

What does the central limit theorem enable researchers to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  compare means from two independent samples 
B)  generalize the results from a sample to a population without knowing the exact nature of the population's distribution 
C)  compute the significance of a relationship between two variables 
D)  reduce the possibility that chance accounts for variability in the variable of interest 
A)  compare means from two independent samples 
B)  generalize the results from a sample to a population without knowing the exact nature of the population's distribution 
C)  compute the significance of a relationship between two variables 
D)  reduce the possibility that chance accounts for variability in the variable of interest

Question 8

When investigating a relationship between two variables, what is the most acceptable initial explanation of the relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  the treatment 
B)  chance 
C)  researcher bias 
D)  defined factors 
A)  the treatment 
B)  chance 
C)  researcher bias 
D)  defined factors

Question 9

Explain what t120 = 2.00, p < .05 means.

Accepted Answer

The notation "t= 2.00, p < .05" appears

Question 10

What does a level of significance of .05 mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a .5% chance of Type I error 
B)  there is a 5% chance of Type I error 
C)  there is a .05% chance of Type I error 
D)  there is a 50% chance of Type I error 
A)  there is a .5% chance of Type I error 
B)  there is a 5% chance of Type I error 
C)  there is a .05% chance of Type I error 
D)  there is a 50% chance of Type I error

Question 11

What technique reduces the number of variables in a construct?

Accepted Answer

A)  effect size 
B)  MANOVA 
C)  factor analysis 
D)  t-test 
A)  effect size 
B)  MANOVA 
C)  factor analysis 
D)  t-test

Question 12

What is the standard metric used in most meta-analytic studies called?

Accepted Answer

A)  standard deviation 
B)  effect size 
C)  sampling mean 
D)  standard error 
A)  standard deviation 
B)  effect size 
C)  sampling mean 
D)  standard error

Question 13

The critical value decreases when_______________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the sample size increases 
B)  the sample size decreases 
C)  the sample is heterogeneous 
D)  the sample is homogeneous 
A)  the sample size increases 
B)  the sample size decreases 
C)  the sample is heterogeneous 
D)  the sample is homogeneous

Question 14

In order to determine the critical value, which two pieces of information are needed?

Accepted Answer

A)  mean and sample size 
B)  degrees of freedom and level of significance 
C)  mean and standard deviation 
D)  degrees of freedom and variance 
A)  mean and sample size 
B)  degrees of freedom and level of significance 
C)  mean and standard deviation 
D)  degrees of freedom and variance

Question 15

What is the difference between statistical significance and meaningfulness? Which is more important?

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance and meaningfuln

Question 16

Which of the following states that regardless of the shape of the population, the means of all the samples selected will be normally distributed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I Error 
B)  Type II Error 
C)  central limit theorem 
D)  factor analysis 
A)  Type I Error 
B)  Type II Error 
C)  central limit theorem 
D)  factor analysis

Question 17

If the two groups you are comparing are related to each other, what test should you use?

Accepted Answer

A)  factor analysis 
B)  MANOVA 
C)  t-test for independent means 
D)  t-test for dependent means 
A)  factor analysis 
B)  MANOVA 
C)  t-test for independent means 
D)  t-test for dependent means

Question 18

Which of the following has the largest potential to decrease the accuracy of an inference made to a population based on a sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  variance 
B)  a heterogeneous sample 
C)  a homogeneous sample 
D)  sampling error 
A)  variance 
B)  a heterogeneous sample 
C)  a homogeneous sample 
D)  sampling error

Question 19

When examining the significance of the relationship between two variables, what test should you use?

Accepted Answer

A)  t-test for dependent means 
B)  t-test for independent means 
C)  t-test for the correlation coefficient 
D)  analysis of variance 
A)  t-test for dependent means 
B)  t-test for independent means 
C)  t-test for the correlation coefficient 
D)  analysis of variance

Question 20

The critical value is__________________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the value found after calculating a test statistic 
B)  the value needed to determine a valid study 
C)  the value needed to determine a reliable study 
D)  the value needed to reject the null hypothesis 
A)  the value found after calculating a test statistic 
B)  the value needed to determine a valid study 
C)  the value needed to determine a reliable study 
D)  the value needed to reject the null hypothesis

What is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true?

The first step for conducting a meta-analysis is ____________.

To compare findings from many different studies that use the same dependent variable, what technique is used?

What is the crucial element in making an accurate inference?

If Helen mistakenly accepts her null hypothesis when it should be rejected, what has occurred?

How can Type II errors be reduced?

What does the central limit theorem enable researchers to do?

When investigating a relationship between two variables, what is the most acceptable initial explanation of the relationship?

Explain what t₁₂₀= 2.00, p < .05 means.

What does a level of significance of .05 mean?

What technique reduces the number of variables in a construct?

What is the standard metric used in most meta-analytic studies called?

The critical value decreases when_______________________________.

In order to determine the critical value, which two pieces of information are needed?

What is the difference between statistical significance and meaningfulness? Which is more important?

Which of the following states that regardless of the shape of the population, the means of all the samples selected will be normally distributed?

If the two groups you are comparing are related to each other, what test should you use?

Which of the following has the largest potential to decrease the accuracy of an inference made to a population based on a sample?

When examining the significance of the relationship between two variables, what test should you use?

The critical value is__________________________________.

The Role and Importance of Research

The Research Process: Coming to Terms

A: Selecting a Problem and Reviewing the Research

B: Ethics: the Basic Principles

Sampling and Generalizability

Measurement, Reliability, and Validity

Methods of Measuring Behavior

Data Collection and Descriptive Statistics

Nonexperimental Research: Descriptive and Correlational Methods

Nonexperimental Research: Qualitative Methods

Pre- and True Experimental Research Methods

Quasi-Experimental Research: a Close Cousin to Experimental Research

Writing a Research Proposal

Writing a Research Manuscript

Filters

Exam 8: Introducing Inferential Statistics

What is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true?

The first step for conducting a meta-analysis is ____________.

To compare findings from many different studies that use the same dependent variable, what technique is used?

What is the crucial element in making an accurate inference?

If Helen mistakenly accepts her null hypothesis when it should be rejected, what has occurred?

How can Type II errors be reduced?

What does the central limit theorem enable researchers to do?

When investigating a relationship between two variables, what is the most acceptable initial explanation of the relationship?

Explain what t120 = 2.00, p < .05 means.

What does a level of significance of .05 mean?

What technique reduces the number of variables in a construct?

What is the standard metric used in most meta-analytic studies called?

The critical value decreases when_______________________________.

In order to determine the critical value, which two pieces of information are needed?

What is the difference between statistical significance and meaningfulness? Which is more important?

Which of the following states that regardless of the shape of the population, the means of all the samples selected will be normally distributed?

If the two groups you are comparing are related to each other, what test should you use?

Which of the following has the largest potential to decrease the accuracy of an inference made to a population based on a sample?

When examining the significance of the relationship between two variables, what test should you use?

The critical value is__________________________________.

The Role and Importance of Research

The Research Process: Coming to Terms

A: Selecting a Problem and Reviewing the Research

B: Ethics: the Basic Principles

Sampling and Generalizability

Measurement, Reliability, and Validity

Methods of Measuring Behavior

Data Collection and Descriptive Statistics

Nonexperimental Research: Descriptive and Correlational Methods

Nonexperimental Research: Qualitative Methods

Pre- and True Experimental Research Methods

Quasi-Experimental Research: a Close Cousin to Experimental Research

Writing a Research Proposal

Writing a Research Manuscript

Filters

Explain what t₁₂₀= 2.00, p < .05 means.