Question 1

Angiotensin II within the blood stimulates drinking by acting on cells within the ________.

Accepted Answer

subfornical organ

Question 2

Administration of endocannabinoids, substances related to THC, stimulates eating by

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivating ghrelin receptors. 
B)  blocking cholinergic receptors in the brain stem. 
C)  increasing the release of MCH and orexin. 
D)  activating MC4-receptors. 
E)  decreasing the release of MCH and orexin. 
A)  inactivating ghrelin receptors. 
B)  blocking cholinergic receptors in the brain stem. 
C)  increasing the release of MCH and orexin. 
D)  activating MC4-receptors. 
E)  decreasing the release of MCH and orexin. C

Question 3

Describe the stimuli that produce osmometric thirst and cite evidence indicating the location of osmoreceptors in the brain.

Accepted Answer

Cells must maintain a constant volume within the cell. Changes in solute concentration
outside the cell will produce movements of water through the cell membrane. A decrease in solutes outside the cell will result in water moving into the cell, whereas an increase in solutes will draw water from the cell and lead to cell shrinkage. The latter would obtain if water is lost through evaporation or if the organism consumes a salty meal. Osmoreceptors are located in the lamina terminalis (contain the OVLT and the SFO). Scans of human brain show activation of OVLT tissue during a thirst state induced by intravenous infusions of hypertonic saline.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the success rate of therapy for anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some 22 percent of treated patients show a good recovery at a 5-year follow-up. 
B)  Many anorexics suffer from binging. 
C)  At a 20-year follow-up, some 75 percent of treated anorexic patients had died. 
D)  Anorexic patients experience low rates of relapse. 
E)  The treatment success rate has not improved in 50 years. 
A)  Some 22 percent of treated patients show a good recovery at a 5-year follow-up. 
B)  Many anorexics suffer from binging. 
C)  At a 20-year follow-up, some 75 percent of treated anorexic patients had died. 
D)  Anorexic patients experience low rates of relapse. 
E)  The treatment success rate has not improved in 50 years.

Question 5

The obsession with food noted in anorexia may be related to

Accepted Answer

A)  a failure of menstruation brought on by excessive exercise. 
B)  a deficiency of NPY in brain. 
C)  an effect of starvation. 
D)  excessive consumption of protein, which is highly satiating. 
E)  elevated levels of CCK in brain. 
A)  a failure of menstruation brought on by excessive exercise. 
B)  a deficiency of NPY in brain. 
C)  an effect of starvation. 
D)  excessive consumption of protein, which is highly satiating. 
E)  elevated levels of CCK in brain.

Question 6

The optimal value of the system variable in a homeostatic system is termed the

Accepted Answer

A)  thermostat. 
B)  detector. 
C)  set point. 
D)  correctional mechanism. 
E)  homeostatic variable. 
A)  thermostat. 
B)  detector. 
C)  set point. 
D)  correctional mechanism. 
E)  homeostatic variable.

Question 7

A serious difficulty with the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure is

Accepted Answer

A)  constipation. 
B)  the risk of death after the procedure. 
C)  bacterial overgrowth in the intestines. 
D)  risk of vitamin deficiencies. 
E)  increases in blood pressure after the procedure. 
A)  constipation. 
B)  the risk of death after the procedure. 
C)  bacterial overgrowth in the intestines. 
D)  risk of vitamin deficiencies. 
E)  increases in blood pressure after the procedure.

Question 8

The ability of leptin to inhibit eating can be viewed as a dual action in the brain that involves the activation of ________ and the inhibition of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  CART/alpha-MSH neurons; NPY/AGRP neurons 
B)  insulin receptors; CCK receptors 
C)  ghrelin cells in the stomach; CART/alpha-MSH neurons 
D)  CCK-A receptors; serotonin neurons 
E)  PYY cells; MCH/orexin neurons 
A)  CART/alpha-MSH neurons; NPY/AGRP neurons 
B)  insulin receptors; CCK receptors 
C)  ghrelin cells in the stomach; CART/alpha-MSH neurons 
D)  CCK-A receptors; serotonin neurons 
E)  PYY cells; MCH/orexin neurons

Question 9

In a five-year follow-up of persons who lost weight in a fifteen-week behavioral program, some ________ percent were able to maintain their weight loss.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  10 
D)  15 
E)  33 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  10 
D)  15 
E)  33

Question 10

The observation that the incidence of obesity has greatly increased over a few decades is unlikely to be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  some innate aberration of metabolism. 
B)  increased exercise awareness of our citizens. 
C)  rapid changes in the gene pool. 
D)  smaller portions provided by fast-food restaurants. 
E)  the fact that we require fewer calories as we get older. 
A)  some innate aberration of metabolism. 
B)  increased exercise awareness of our citizens. 
C)  rapid changes in the gene pool. 
D)  smaller portions provided by fast-food restaurants. 
E)  the fact that we require fewer calories as we get older.

Question 11

A drug that blocks the ________ would be expected to lower blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of serotonin 
B)  formation of angiotensin II from angiotensin I 
C)  degradation of angiotensin II 
D)  osmometric system 
E)  secretion of ghrelin 
A)  synthesis of serotonin 
B)  formation of angiotensin II from angiotensin I 
C)  degradation of angiotensin II 
D)  osmometric system 
E)  secretion of ghrelin

Question 12

The carbohydrate reservoir in the liver is primarily reserved for use

Accepted Answer

A)  by the central nervous system. 
B)  by the liver. 
C)  by the muscles. 
D)  in the support of nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  in general metabolism. 
A)  by the central nervous system. 
B)  by the liver. 
C)  by the muscles. 
D)  in the support of nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  in general metabolism.

Question 13

A ________ variable is controlled by a regulatory mechanism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ variable is controlled by a...

Question 14

Brain osmoreceptors are located within the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brain osmoreceptors are located within the ________....

Question 15

The term ________ refers to an aqueous solution whose solute concentration is less than that of the intracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertonic 
B)  isotonic 
C)  volumetric 
D)  cytoplasmic 
E)  hypotonic 
A)  hypertonic 
B)  isotonic 
C)  volumetric 
D)  cytoplasmic 
E)  hypotonic

Question 16

Our long-term fuel reservoir contains ________ and is located in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen; the liver 
B)  glycogen; the brain 
C)  triglycerides; fat cells 
D)  insulin; the pancreas 
E)  triglycerides; the liver 
A)  glycogen; the liver 
B)  glycogen; the brain 
C)  triglycerides; fat cells 
D)  insulin; the pancreas 
E)  triglycerides; the liver

Question 17

________ is the primary symptom of Prader-Willi syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the primary symptom of Prader-Willi...

Question 18

________ is a key dietary factor for inducing obesity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Saccharin 
B)  Aspartame 
C)  Amphetamine 
D)  High-fructose corn syrup 
E)  Protein 
A)  Saccharin 
B)  Aspartame 
C)  Amphetamine 
D)  High-fructose corn syrup 
E)  Protein

Question 19

Activation of the anterior cingulate cortex would be expected to

Accepted Answer

A)  blunt fluid intake in response to a hypotonic fluid challenge. 
B)  lower blood pressure. 
C)  produce overeating to obesity. 
D)  reflect the thirst state of the subject. 
E)  result in a hypotonic blood volume. 
A)  blunt fluid intake in response to a hypotonic fluid challenge. 
B)  lower blood pressure. 
C)  produce overeating to obesity. 
D)  reflect the thirst state of the subject. 
E)  result in a hypotonic blood volume.

Question 20

An important determinant of body weight in adult humans is the

Accepted Answer

A)  level of leptin in the blood stream of a person. 
B)  physical energy expended while asleep. 
C)  amount of physical exercise a person gets each day. 
D)  amount of protein consumed each day. 
E)  amount of salt in the diet. 
A)  level of leptin in the blood stream of a person. 
B)  physical energy expended while asleep. 
C)  amount of physical exercise a person gets each day. 
D)  amount of protein consumed each day. 
E)  amount of salt in the diet.

Angiotensin II within the blood stimulates drinking by acting on cells within the ________.

Administration of endocannabinoids, substances related to THC, stimulates eating by

Describe the stimuli that produce osmometric thirst and cite evidence indicating the location of osmoreceptors in the brain.

Which of the following is true of the success rate of therapy for anorexia nervosa?

The obsession with food noted in anorexia may be related to

The optimal value of the system variable in a homeostatic system is termed the

A serious difficulty with the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure is

The ability of leptin to inhibit eating can be viewed as a dual action in the brain that involves the activation of and the inhibition of .

In a five-year follow-up of persons who lost weight in a fifteen-week behavioral program, some ________ percent were able to maintain their weight loss.

The observation that the incidence of obesity has greatly increased over a few decades is unlikely to be due to

A drug that blocks the ________ would be expected to lower blood pressure.

The carbohydrate reservoir in the liver is primarily reserved for use

A ________ variable is controlled by a regulatory mechanism.

Brain osmoreceptors are located within the ________.

The term ________ refers to an aqueous solution whose solute concentration is less than that of the intracellular fluid.

Our long-term fuel reservoir contains and is located in .

________ is the primary symptom of Prader-Willi syndrome.

________ is a key dietary factor for inducing obesity.

Activation of the anterior cingulate cortex would be expected to

An important determinant of body weight in adult humans is the

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Exam 12: Ingestive Behavior

Angiotensin II within the blood stimulates drinking by acting on cells within the ________.

Administration of endocannabinoids, substances related to THC, stimulates eating by

Describe the stimuli that produce osmometric thirst and cite evidence indicating the location of osmoreceptors in the brain.

Which of the following is true of the success rate of therapy for anorexia nervosa?

The obsession with food noted in anorexia may be related to

The optimal value of the system variable in a homeostatic system is termed the

A serious difficulty with the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure is

The ability of leptin to inhibit eating can be viewed as a dual action in the brain that involves the activation of ________ and the inhibition of ________.

In a five-year follow-up of persons who lost weight in a fifteen-week behavioral program, some ________ percent were able to maintain their weight loss.

The observation that the incidence of obesity has greatly increased over a few decades is unlikely to be due to

A drug that blocks the ________ would be expected to lower blood pressure.

The carbohydrate reservoir in the liver is primarily reserved for use

A ________ variable is controlled by a regulatory mechanism.

Brain osmoreceptors are located within the ________.

The term ________ refers to an aqueous solution whose solute concentration is less than that of the intracellular fluid.

Our long-term fuel reservoir contains ________ and is located in ________.

________ is the primary symptom of Prader-Willi syndrome.

________ is a key dietary factor for inducing obesity.

Activation of the anterior cingulate cortex would be expected to

An important determinant of body weight in adult humans is the

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

The ability of leptin to inhibit eating can be viewed as a dual action in the brain that involves the activation of and the inhibition of .

Our long-term fuel reservoir contains and is located in .