Question 1

The direct pathway between the basal ganglia and the motor cortex is ________ for motor movement, whereas the overall effect of the indirect pathway is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  excitatory; inhibitory 
B)  inhibitory; excitatory 
C)  excitatory; excitatory 
D)  inhibitory; inhibitory 
E)  required; not required. 
A)  excitatory; inhibitory 
B)  inhibitory; excitatory 
C)  excitatory; excitatory 
D)  inhibitory; inhibitory 
E)  required; not required. A

Question 2

Contrast the functions of the supplemental motor area with that of the premotor area.

Accepted Answer

The supplemental motor area (SMA) and the premotor area lie just anterior to the primary motor cortex. These two regions exert influence on the primary motor cortex to modulate its control of motor function. In general, the SMA plays a role in planning of behavioral sequences, such as pressing a series of buttons. Inactivation of the SMA did not alter reaching, but did disrupt the ability to make a series of already learned responses. In contrast, the premotor cortex is important for using arbitrary stimuli to guide motor reactions.

Question 3

The patellar reflex

Accepted Answer

A)  begins in the hindbrain. 
B)  is a polysynaptic reflex. 
C)  is a classically conditioned fear reaction. 
D)  does not involve the brain. 
E)  is exhibited when a person is asked to move one leg as quickly as possible after being touched on the knee. 
A)  begins in the hindbrain. 
B)  is a polysynaptic reflex. 
C)  is a classically conditioned fear reaction. 
D)  does not involve the brain. 
E)  is exhibited when a person is asked to move one leg as quickly as possible after being touched on the knee. D

Question 4

A person suffering from Parkinson's disease may experience ________ as a side effect of treatment using L-DOPA.

Accepted Answer

A)  dyskinesia 
B)  impaired appetite 
C)  memory loss 
D)  schizophrenia 
E)  depression 
A)  dyskinesia 
B)  impaired appetite 
C)  memory loss 
D)  schizophrenia 
E)  depression

Question 5

2- Muscle rigidity, slowness of movement, resting tremor, and postural instability are symptoms of ________ disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2- Muscle rigidity, slowness of movement, resting...

Question 6

2- Parkinson's disease results from loss of dopamine-secreting neurons of the ________ bundle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2- Parkinson's disease results from loss of...

Question 7

The muscle rigidity and poor control of posture noted in Parkinson's disease reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  damage to frontal cortex neurons that plan motor movements. 
B)  damage to the primary motor cortex. 
C)  loss of inhibition to the motor cortex. 
D)  damage to dopamine neurons that normally facilitate motor movements. 
E)  loss of inhibition of the ventromedial motor system from the GPi. 
A)  damage to frontal cortex neurons that plan motor movements. 
B)  damage to the primary motor cortex. 
C)  loss of inhibition to the motor cortex. 
D)  damage to dopamine neurons that normally facilitate motor movements. 
E)  loss of inhibition of the ventromedial motor system from the GPi.

Question 8

A transection through the ________ of a cat is likely to produce ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum; decreased activity of the gamma motor neurons 
B)  corpus callosum; decerebrate flaccidity 
C)  brain stem; decerebrate rigidity 
D)  hypothalamus; inhibition of all stretch reflexes 
E)  spinal cord; loss of the clasp-knife reflex 
A)  cerebellum; decreased activity of the gamma motor neurons 
B)  corpus callosum; decerebrate flaccidity 
C)  brain stem; decerebrate rigidity 
D)  hypothalamus; inhibition of all stretch reflexes 
E)  spinal cord; loss of the clasp-knife reflex

Question 9

2- The ________ controls of the activity of the gamma motor system and thus regulates muscle tone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2- The ________ controls of the activity...

Question 10

The cerebellar ________ receives somatosensory information and influences the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts.

Accepted Answer

A)  dentate nucleus 
B)  pontine nucleus 
C)  vermis 
D)  flocculonodular node 
E)  intermediate and lateral zones 
A)  dentate nucleus 
B)  pontine nucleus 
C)  vermis 
D)  flocculonodular node 
E)  intermediate and lateral zones

Question 11

The key deficit in constructional apraxia involves

Accepted Answer

A)  reaching for objects 
B)  grasping an object. 
C)  imitating the motor movements of others. 
D)  imagining geometric relations. 
E)  damage to the left frontal cortex. 
A)  reaching for objects 
B)  grasping an object. 
C)  imitating the motor movements of others. 
D)  imagining geometric relations. 
E)  damage to the left frontal cortex.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraction of skeletal muscle can alter blood flow through the heart. 
B)  Skeletal muscle contraction produces movements of the body. 
C)  Skeletal muscles pump blood throughout the body. 
D)  Flexion of a skeletal muscle causes limbs to move outward from the body. 
E)  Extensors are skeletal muscles that cause limbs to draw in to the body. 
A)  Contraction of skeletal muscle can alter blood flow through the heart. 
B)  Skeletal muscle contraction produces movements of the body. 
C)  Skeletal muscles pump blood throughout the body. 
D)  Flexion of a skeletal muscle causes limbs to move outward from the body. 
E)  Extensors are skeletal muscles that cause limbs to draw in to the body.

Question 13

The function of intrafusal muscle fibers is to

Accepted Answer

A)  detect changes in the muscle fiber length. 
B)  stimulate the muscle to contract. 
C)  limit the degree of contraction of the muscle. 
D)  coordinate the contraction of extensor and flexor muscles. 
E)  detect how hard the muscle is pulling. 
A)  detect changes in the muscle fiber length. 
B)  stimulate the muscle to contract. 
C)  limit the degree of contraction of the muscle. 
D)  coordinate the contraction of extensor and flexor muscles. 
E)  detect how hard the muscle is pulling.

Question 14

Muscle-builders show off their muscles by

Accepted Answer

A)  activating their autonomic nervous system. 
B)  willing the activation of their extensor muscles. 
C)  willing the activation of their flexor muscles. 
D)  simultaneously contracting their flexor and extensor muscles. 
E)  ingesting large amounts of sympathomimetic drugs. 
A)  activating their autonomic nervous system. 
B)  willing the activation of their extensor muscles. 
C)  willing the activation of their flexor muscles. 
D)  simultaneously contracting their flexor and extensor muscles. 
E)  ingesting large amounts of sympathomimetic drugs.

Question 15

The vertical patch of cortex located rostral to the central sulcus is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  primary visual cortex. 
B)  prefrontal cortex. 
C)  temporal association cortex. 
D)  primary motor cortex. 
E)  primary somatosensory cortex. 
A)  primary visual cortex. 
B)  prefrontal cortex. 
C)  temporal association cortex. 
D)  primary motor cortex. 
E)  primary somatosensory cortex.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a polysynaptic reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  the patellar reflex 
B)  the withdrawal of a limb in response to pain 
C)  secretion of saliva 
D)  the monosynaptic stretch reflex 
E)  contraction of a muscle induced by application of electrical current to the muscle 
A)  the patellar reflex 
B)  the withdrawal of a limb in response to pain 
C)  secretion of saliva 
D)  the monosynaptic stretch reflex 
E)  contraction of a muscle induced by application of electrical current to the muscle

Question 17

Electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic region located ventral to the inferior colliculus in the cat will

Accepted Answer

A)  awaken a sleeping cat. 
B)  alter the sitting posture of a cat. 
C)  reinforce behaviors that produce this stimulation. 
D)  directly excite spinal cord motor neurons in the cat. 
E)  induce a cat to make pacing movements. 
A)  awaken a sleeping cat. 
B)  alter the sitting posture of a cat. 
C)  reinforce behaviors that produce this stimulation. 
D)  directly excite spinal cord motor neurons in the cat. 
E)  induce a cat to make pacing movements.

Question 18

The basal ganglia receive some level of input from

Accepted Answer

A)  the primary motor cortex. 
B)  the temporal cortex. 
C)  the hippocampus. 
D)  the association cortex. 
E)  all regions of the cortex. 
A)  the primary motor cortex. 
B)  the temporal cortex. 
C)  the hippocampus. 
D)  the association cortex. 
E)  all regions of the cortex.

Question 19

Damage involving the ________ tract would be expected to impair posture.

Accepted Answer

A)  lateral corticospinal 
B)  vestibulospinal 
C)  tectospinal 
D)  reticulospinal 
E)  premotor-striatal 
A)  lateral corticospinal 
B)  vestibulospinal 
C)  tectospinal 
D)  reticulospinal 
E)  premotor-striatal

Question 20

Indicate the location and function of (a) extrafusal muscle fibers, (b) alpha motor neurons, (c) the muscle spindle, (d) intrafusal muscle fibers, and (e) the gamma motor neuron.

Accepted Answer

The primary motor cortex lies just befor

The direct pathway between the basal ganglia and the motor cortex is for motor movement, whereas the overall effect of the indirect pathway is .

Contrast the functions of the supplemental motor area with that of the premotor area.

The patellar reflex

A person suffering from Parkinson's disease may experience ________ as a side effect of treatment using L-DOPA.

2- Muscle rigidity, slowness of movement, resting tremor, and postural instability are symptoms of ________ disease.

2- Parkinson's disease results from loss of dopamine-secreting neurons of the ________ bundle.

The muscle rigidity and poor control of posture noted in Parkinson's disease reflects

A transection through the of a cat is likely to produce .

2- The ________ controls of the activity of the gamma motor system and thus regulates muscle tone.

The cerebellar ________ receives somatosensory information and influences the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts.

The key deficit in constructional apraxia involves

Which of the following is true of skeletal muscle?

The function of intrafusal muscle fibers is to

Muscle-builders show off their muscles by

The vertical patch of cortex located rostral to the central sulcus is known as the

Which of the following is an example of a polysynaptic reflex?

Electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic region located ventral to the inferior colliculus in the cat will

The basal ganglia receive some level of input from

Damage involving the ________ tract would be expected to impair posture.

Indicate the location and function of (a) extrafusal muscle fibers, (b) alpha motor neurons, (c) the muscle spindle, (d) intrafusal muscle fibers, and (e) the gamma motor neuron.

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

Exam 8: Control of Movement

The direct pathway between the basal ganglia and the motor cortex is ________ for motor movement, whereas the overall effect of the indirect pathway is ________.

Contrast the functions of the supplemental motor area with that of the premotor area.

The patellar reflex

A person suffering from Parkinson's disease may experience ________ as a side effect of treatment using L-DOPA.

2- Muscle rigidity, slowness of movement, resting tremor, and postural instability are symptoms of ________ disease.

2- Parkinson's disease results from loss of dopamine-secreting neurons of the ________ bundle.

The muscle rigidity and poor control of posture noted in Parkinson's disease reflects

A transection through the ________ of a cat is likely to produce ________.

2- The ________ controls of the activity of the gamma motor system and thus regulates muscle tone.

The cerebellar ________ receives somatosensory information and influences the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts.

The key deficit in constructional apraxia involves

Which of the following is true of skeletal muscle?

The function of intrafusal muscle fibers is to

Muscle-builders show off their muscles by

The vertical patch of cortex located rostral to the central sulcus is known as the

Which of the following is an example of a polysynaptic reflex?

Electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic region located ventral to the inferior colliculus in the cat will

The basal ganglia receive some level of input from

Damage involving the ________ tract would be expected to impair posture.

Indicate the location and function of (a) extrafusal muscle fibers, (b) alpha motor neurons, (c) the muscle spindle, (d) intrafusal muscle fibers, and (e) the gamma motor neuron.

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Drug Abuse

Filters

The direct pathway between the basal ganglia and the motor cortex is for motor movement, whereas the overall effect of the indirect pathway is .

A transection through the of a cat is likely to produce .