Question 1

Measurement refers to the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  determining the concepts key to any problem 
B)  gathering data 
C)  linking the abstract to the empirical 
D)  linking the empirical to the instrument used 
A)  determining the concepts key to any problem 
B)  gathering data 
C)  linking the abstract to the empirical 
D)  linking the empirical to the instrument used C

Question 2

Random error refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  fluctuation around the mean value 
B)  positive fluctuation about the true value 
C)  negative fluctuation about the mean value 
D)  fluctuation about the true value (both directions) 
A)  fluctuation around the mean value 
B)  positive fluctuation about the true value 
C)  negative fluctuation about the mean value 
D)  fluctuation about the true value (both directions) D

Question 3

Where levels of measurement are reduced:

Accepted Answer

A)  the strength of association is overestimated 
B)  the strength of association is underestimated 
C)  the findings will not be generalizable 
D)  internal validity decreases markedly 
A)  the strength of association is overestimated 
B)  the strength of association is underestimated 
C)  the findings will not be generalizable 
D)  internal validity decreases markedly B

Question 4

Construct validity refers to the extent to which:

Accepted Answer

A)  a concept really reflects the real world 
B)  an indicator is internally consistent 
C)  a theory follows its concepts (temporal ordering principle) 
D)  the extent to which a theory driven prediction is correct 
A)  a concept really reflects the real world 
B)  an indicator is internally consistent 
C)  a theory follows its concepts (temporal ordering principle) 
D)  the extent to which a theory driven prediction is correct

Question 5

Ratio level measures have:

Accepted Answer

A)  a zero point, equidistant intervals 
B)  no zero point, equidistant intervals 
C)  a zero point, non-equidistant intervals 
D)  no zero point, non-equidistant intervals 
A)  a zero point, equidistant intervals 
B)  no zero point, equidistant intervals 
C)  a zero point, non-equidistant intervals 
D)  no zero point, non-equidistant intervals

Question 6

Ordinal measurement is satisfied by which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A)  values are ordered, intervals are equidistant 
B)  values are ordered, intervals are non-equidistant 
C)  values are ordered 
D)  intervals are equidistant 
A)  values are ordered, intervals are equidistant 
B)  values are ordered, intervals are non-equidistant 
C)  values are ordered 
D)  intervals are equidistant

Question 7

The easiest and most widely used index is based on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic differential 
B)  magnitude estimation 
C)  Likert scale 
D)  a form of item analysis 
A)  semantic differential 
B)  magnitude estimation 
C)  Likert scale 
D)  a form of item analysis

Question 8

The holistic fallacy refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  making broad-sweeping generalizations 
B)  concluding that one's findings are not patterned 
C)  assuming one's findings are atypical 
D)  stating only what is exceptional 
E)  concluding that relationships are more patterned than they really are 
A)  making broad-sweeping generalizations 
B)  concluding that one's findings are not patterned 
C)  assuming one's findings are atypical 
D)  stating only what is exceptional 
E)  concluding that relationships are more patterned than they really are

Question 9

A hypothesis is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  measurable concept 
B)  statement of relation between concepts 
C)  tested theory 
D)  law of the social world to be tested 
E)  none of the above 
A)  measurable concept 
B)  statement of relation between concepts 
C)  tested theory 
D)  law of the social world to be tested 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

In qualitative research, validity is better thought of as:

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability 
B)  credibility 
C)  reality 
D)  grounded theory 
A)  reliability 
B)  credibility 
C)  reality 
D)  grounded theory

Question 11

Face validity reference is made to a measure which:

Accepted Answer

A)  at face value, appears reasonable 
B)  upon first glance seems appropriate, but is really erred. 
C)  is able to predict accurately 
D)  amply measures specific conceptual dimensions 
A)  at face value, appears reasonable 
B)  upon first glance seems appropriate, but is really erred. 
C)  is able to predict accurately 
D)  amply measures specific conceptual dimensions

Question 12

Measurement error refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  mistaken coding 
B)  the effects of poor research 
C)  any deviation from the mean value 
D)  any deviation from the true value 
A)  mistaken coding 
B)  the effects of poor research 
C)  any deviation from the mean value 
D)  any deviation from the true value

Question 13

Nominal measurement involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  an underlying continuum with arbitrary numeric assignments 
B)  an underlying continuum without arbitrary numeric assignments 
C)  no underlying continuum with arbitrary numeric assignment 
D)  no underlying continuum without arbitrary numeric assignment 
A)  an underlying continuum with arbitrary numeric assignments 
B)  an underlying continuum without arbitrary numeric assignments 
C)  no underlying continuum with arbitrary numeric assignment 
D)  no underlying continuum without arbitrary numeric assignment

Question 14

When two or more items (or indicators) are combined to reflect a concept, we have a:

Accepted Answer

A)  variable 
B)  questionnaire 
C)  index 
D)  structured question set 
A)  variable 
B)  questionnaire 
C)  index 
D)  structured question set

Question 15

Within a research project, moving from the general to the specific is to move from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental to the abstract 
B)  abstract to the instrumental 
C)  operational to the theoretical 
D)  theoretical to the operational 
A)  instrumental to the abstract 
B)  abstract to the instrumental 
C)  operational to the theoretical 
D)  theoretical to the operational

Question 16

The issue of validity has to do with the congruency of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  concept and the indicator 
B)  concept and the theory 
C)  theory and the research design 
D)  theory and the axiomatic derivations made 
A)  concept and the indicator 
B)  concept and the theory 
C)  theory and the research design 
D)  theory and the axiomatic derivations made

Question 17

Internal validity refers to the extent to which:

Accepted Answer

A)  the treatment caused the variation within the dependent variable 
B)  the findings are generalizable 
C)  theoretical propositions are consistent 
D)  the character of the study is suited to the research problem 
A)  the treatment caused the variation within the dependent variable 
B)  the findings are generalizable 
C)  theoretical propositions are consistent 
D)  the character of the study is suited to the research problem

Question 18

Systematic error refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  non-random errors 
B)  non-random deviations in the form of over or under representation of the mean value 
C)  non-random deviations in the form of over or under representation of the true value 
D)  historical effects of bias 
A)  non-random errors 
B)  non-random deviations in the form of over or under representation of the mean value 
C)  non-random deviations in the form of over or under representation of the true value 
D)  historical effects of bias

Question 19

Content validity refers to the extent to which:

Accepted Answer

A)  the treatment caused the variation within the dependent variable 
B)  a measure reflects the dimension(s) implied by a concept 
C)  the generalizability of the findings 
D)  the value of theoretically derived propositions 
A)  the treatment caused the variation within the dependent variable 
B)  a measure reflects the dimension(s) implied by a concept 
C)  the generalizability of the findings 
D)  the value of theoretically derived propositions

Question 20

The retest procedure is conducted in order to establish:

Accepted Answer

A)  validity of response 
B)  reliability of response 
C)  axiomatic derivations 
D)  the operational level of research 
A)  validity of response 
B)  reliability of response 
C)  axiomatic derivations 
D)  the operational level of research

Measurement refers to the process of:

Random error refers to:

Where levels of measurement are reduced:

Construct validity refers to the extent to which:

Ratio level measures have:

Ordinal measurement is satisfied by which of the following:

The easiest and most widely used index is based on the:

The holistic fallacy refers to:

A hypothesis is a(n):

In qualitative research, validity is better thought of as:

Face validity reference is made to a measure which:

Measurement error refers to:

Nominal measurement involves:

When two or more items (or indicators) are combined to reflect a concept, we have a:

Within a research project, moving from the general to the specific is to move from the:

The issue of validity has to do with the congruency of the:

Internal validity refers to the extent to which:

Systematic error refers to:

Content validity refers to the extent to which:

The retest procedure is conducted in order to establish:

Approaches to Methods

Explaining

Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Field Observations

Survey Designs

Nonreactive and Comparative Research

Qualitative Research Methods

Critical Approaches to Research: Action and Feminist Research

A Statistics Primer

Three Tests of Significance

Bias

Ethical Issues

Getting the Project Started

Questionnaire Development

Sampling and Sample Size

Starting the Data Analysis

Basic Multivarate Techniques

The Research Report

Using Spss for Windows

Filters

Exam 13: Measurement

Measurement refers to the process of:

Random error refers to:

Where levels of measurement are reduced:

Construct validity refers to the extent to which:

Ratio level measures have:

Ordinal measurement is satisfied by which of the following:

The easiest and most widely used index is based on the:

The holistic fallacy refers to:

A hypothesis is a(n):

In qualitative research, validity is better thought of as:

Face validity reference is made to a measure which:

Measurement error refers to:

Nominal measurement involves:

When two or more items (or indicators) are combined to reflect a concept, we have a:

Within a research project, moving from the general to the specific is to move from the:

The issue of validity has to do with the congruency of the:

Internal validity refers to the extent to which:

Systematic error refers to:

Content validity refers to the extent to which:

The retest procedure is conducted in order to establish:

Approaches to Methods

Explaining

Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Field Observations

Survey Designs

Nonreactive and Comparative Research

Qualitative Research Methods

Critical Approaches to Research: Action and Feminist Research

A Statistics Primer

Three Tests of Significance

Bias

Ethical Issues

Getting the Project Started

Questionnaire Development

Sampling and Sample Size

Starting the Data Analysis

Basic Multivarate Techniques

The Research Report

Using Spss for Windows

Filters