Question 1

Hunting in both the physical and social sciences.may result in:

Accepted Answer

A)  searching the data for strange results 
B)  searching the data for disconfirming results 
C)  searching the extant literature for ideas 
D)  the discarding of unanticipated results 
A)  searching the data for strange results 
B)  searching the data for disconfirming results 
C)  searching the extant literature for ideas 
D)  the discarding of unanticipated results D

Question 2

Which of the following is a step in minimizing bias:

Accepted Answer

A)  accepting all responses 
B)  accepting all results 
C)  accepting all predispositions 
D)  accepting all errors 
A)  accepting all responses 
B)  accepting all results 
C)  accepting all predispositions 
D)  accepting all errors A

Question 3

A common social science myth holds that:

Accepted Answer

A)  most studies use non-representative samples 
B)  there is little standardization on measures 
C)  evidence is selectively reported 
D)  most people are willing to participate in research 
A)  most studies use non-representative samples 
B)  there is little standardization on measures 
C)  evidence is selectively reported 
D)  most people are willing to participate in research D

Question 4

Which of the following is a scientific consideration concerning the publication of research:

Accepted Answer

A)  the cultural acceptance of the findings 
B)  the scientific community's reaction 
C)  the length of the report 
D)  the bearing of the results on the general subject matter 
A)  the cultural acceptance of the findings 
B)  the scientific community's reaction 
C)  the length of the report 
D)  the bearing of the results on the general subject matter

Question 5

Scientism ailment refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the belief that social behaviour is unknowable 
B)  the belief that if the methods of the physical sciences are followed, social behaviour will be knowable 
C)  the belief that if the methods of social science are advanced, social behaviour will be knowable 
D)  none of the above 
A)  the belief that social behaviour is unknowable 
B)  the belief that if the methods of the physical sciences are followed, social behaviour will be knowable 
C)  the belief that if the methods of social science are advanced, social behaviour will be knowable 
D)  none of the above

Question 6

Random error refers to those inconsistencies which:

Accepted Answer

A)  enter into the coding process but have no pattern in the errors 
B)  enter into the collection process but have no pattern in the errors 
C)  enter into the coding process and have a pattern in the errors 
D)  enter into the collection process and have a pattern in the errors 
A)  enter into the coding process but have no pattern in the errors 
B)  enter into the collection process but have no pattern in the errors 
C)  enter into the coding process and have a pattern in the errors 
D)  enter into the collection process and have a pattern in the errors

Question 7

Selected evidence is:

Accepted Answer

A)  using indicators that support the researcher's point of view 
B)  using a random number process to select cases for study 
C)  choosing to report evidence that goes against one's biases 
D)  using measures that are especially sensitive 
A)  using indicators that support the researcher's point of view 
B)  using a random number process to select cases for study 
C)  choosing to report evidence that goes against one's biases 
D)  using measures that are especially sensitive

Question 8

Systematic errors, especially problematic in relation to random error, are troublesome because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they distort data in both directions 
B)  they distort data, but in only one direction 
C)  they render all studies invalid and unscientific 
D)  they always serve as, in effect, confounding variables 
A)  they distort data in both directions 
B)  they distort data, but in only one direction 
C)  they render all studies invalid and unscientific 
D)  they always serve as, in effect, confounding variables

Question 9

Demand characteristics are:

Accepted Answer

A)  a source of distortion 
B)  pressures exerted on researchers by the scientific community to publish results 
C)  pressures exerted on researchers by society to publish culturally acceptable results 
D)  a source of random error 
A)  a source of distortion 
B)  pressures exerted on researchers by the scientific community to publish results 
C)  pressures exerted on researchers by society to publish culturally acceptable results 
D)  a source of random error

Question 10

The use of scientific findings can be problematic because:

Accepted Answer

A)  scientists are, inherently, politically motivated 
B)  research literature is easily misrepresented 
C)  scientific evidence is often not taken seriously 
D)  they are inherently distorted 
A)  scientists are, inherently, politically motivated 
B)  research literature is easily misrepresented 
C)  scientific evidence is often not taken seriously 
D)  they are inherently distorted

Question 11

Proper scientific research should involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  an orientation towards disconfirmation 
B)  the acceptance of one's preconceptions 
C)  acceptance of published research 
D)  social advocacy/social application of findings 
A)  an orientation towards disconfirmation 
B)  the acceptance of one's preconceptions 
C)  acceptance of published research 
D)  social advocacy/social application of findings

Question 12

Researcher affect refers to the process whereby a researcher:

Accepted Answer

A)  consciously manipulates the results of a study 
B)  consciously lies in order to "polish" his/her results 
C)  inadvertently searches for conclusions supporting the desired results 
D)  inadvertently searches for data in order to falsify the desired results 
A)  consciously manipulates the results of a study 
B)  consciously lies in order to "polish" his/her results 
C)  inadvertently searches for conclusions supporting the desired results 
D)  inadvertently searches for data in order to falsify the desired results

Question 13

Experimenter effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the unconscious effort of experimenters to collect valid data 
B)  the conscious effort of experimenters to collect valid data 
C)  the unconscious effort of experimenters to collect desirable data 
D)  the conscious effort of experimenters to collect desirable data 
A)  the unconscious effort of experimenters to collect valid data 
B)  the conscious effort of experimenters to collect valid data 
C)  the unconscious effort of experimenters to collect desirable data 
D)  the conscious effort of experimenters to collect desirable data

Question 14

Research bias may be thought of as:

Accepted Answer

A)  deliberate attempts to distort results 
B)  systematic distortion in research conclusions 
C)  unfounded generalizations 
D)  dishonesty in social research 
A)  deliberate attempts to distort results 
B)  systematic distortion in research conclusions 
C)  unfounded generalizations 
D)  dishonesty in social research

Question 15

To suggest the presence of distortion also suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  truth can be approximated 
B)  truth can be discovered 
C)  truth is impossible to achieve 
D)  not all researchers are honest 
A)  truth can be approximated 
B)  truth can be discovered 
C)  truth is impossible to achieve 
D)  not all researchers are honest

Question 16

SSHRC stands for:

Accepted Answer

A)  social sciences human rights council 
B)  social sciences and humanities research council 
C)  social sciences for human rights conditions (the betterment of) 
D)  none of the above 
A)  social sciences human rights council 
B)  social sciences and humanities research council 
C)  social sciences for human rights conditions (the betterment of) 
D)  none of the above

Question 17

Sterling's interesting paper of 1959 argued for the possibility that:

Accepted Answer

A)  most published articles report valid results 
B)  most published articles are plagued by the researcher effect 
C)  most published articles are plagued by the experimenter effect 
D)  most published articles present fluke results 
A)  most published articles report valid results 
B)  most published articles are plagued by the researcher effect 
C)  most published articles are plagued by the experimenter effect 
D)  most published articles present fluke results

Question 18

Data massaging refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  exploring non-hypothesized relationships 
B)  purposely distorting one's results 
C)  not informing respondents of the research hypothesis 
D)  publishing invalid results 
A)  exploring non-hypothesized relationships 
B)  purposely distorting one's results 
C)  not informing respondents of the research hypothesis 
D)  publishing invalid results

Question 19

The selection of a research problem may present problems in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers select only interesting problems 
B)  researchers unconsciously indicate their own values in the process 
C)  researchers are incapable of bias 
D)  researchers are inclined to select problems for which easy answers can be found 
A)  researchers select only interesting problems 
B)  researchers unconsciously indicate their own values in the process 
C)  researchers are incapable of bias 
D)  researchers are inclined to select problems for which easy answers can be found

Question 20

Besides bias in terms of theoretical predispositions,.bias can also come from:

Accepted Answer

A)  unwarranted conclusions 
B)  improper argument 
C)  social insensitivity 
D)  inappropriate extrapolation 
E)  all of the above 
A)  unwarranted conclusions 
B)  improper argument 
C)  social insensitivity 
D)  inappropriate extrapolation 
E)  all of the above

Hunting in both the physical and social sciences.may result in:

Which of the following is a step in minimizing bias:

A common social science myth holds that:

Which of the following is a scientific consideration concerning the publication of research:

Scientism ailment refers to:

Random error refers to those inconsistencies which:

Selected evidence is:

Systematic errors, especially problematic in relation to random error, are troublesome because:

Demand characteristics are:

The use of scientific findings can be problematic because:

Proper scientific research should involve:

Researcher affect refers to the process whereby a researcher:

Experimenter effect refers to:

Research bias may be thought of as:

To suggest the presence of distortion also suggests that:

SSHRC stands for:

Sterling's interesting paper of 1959 argued for the possibility that:

Data massaging refers to:

The selection of a research problem may present problems in that:

Besides bias in terms of theoretical predispositions,.bias can also come from:

Approaches to Methods

Explaining

Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Field Observations

Survey Designs

Nonreactive and Comparative Research

Qualitative Research Methods

Critical Approaches to Research: Action and Feminist Research

A Statistics Primer

Three Tests of Significance

Ethical Issues

Getting the Project Started

Measurement

Questionnaire Development

Sampling and Sample Size

Starting the Data Analysis

Basic Multivarate Techniques

The Research Report

Using Spss for Windows

Filters

Exam 10: Bias

Hunting in both the physical and social sciences.may result in:

Which of the following is a step in minimizing bias:

A common social science myth holds that:

Which of the following is a scientific consideration concerning the publication of research:

Scientism ailment refers to:

Random error refers to those inconsistencies which:

Selected evidence is:

Systematic errors, especially problematic in relation to random error, are troublesome because:

Demand characteristics are:

The use of scientific findings can be problematic because:

Proper scientific research should involve:

Researcher affect refers to the process whereby a researcher:

Experimenter effect refers to:

Research bias may be thought of as:

To suggest the presence of distortion also suggests that:

SSHRC stands for:

Sterling's interesting paper of 1959 argued for the possibility that:

Data massaging refers to:

The selection of a research problem may present problems in that:

Besides bias in terms of theoretical predispositions,.bias can also come from:

Approaches to Methods

Explaining

Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Field Observations

Survey Designs

Nonreactive and Comparative Research

Qualitative Research Methods

Critical Approaches to Research: Action and Feminist Research

A Statistics Primer

Three Tests of Significance

Ethical Issues

Getting the Project Started

Measurement

Questionnaire Development

Sampling and Sample Size

Starting the Data Analysis

Basic Multivarate Techniques

The Research Report

Using Spss for Windows

Filters