Question 1

According to Freud, psychosexual development is determined by

Accepted Answer

A) how a child satisfies the need for pleasure that is focused on various areas of the body. 
B) improvements in mental hardware and mental software. 
C) children's efforts to understand their physical and social worlds. 
D) the reinforcements and punishments in one's environment. 
A) how a child satisfies the need for pleasure that is focused on various areas of the body. 
B) improvements in mental hardware and mental software. 
C) children's efforts to understand their physical and social worlds. 
D) the reinforcements and punishments in one's environment.

Question 2

The idea of continuity in development

Accepted Answer

A) is consistent with the view that behaviour during the preschool years is not related to behaviour during later childhood. 
B) means that development in one domain is related to development in other domains. 
C) is consistent with the view that early development is related to later development. 
D) means that development is jointly influenced by heredity and environment. 
A) is consistent with the view that behaviour during the preschool years is not related to behaviour during later childhood. 
B) means that development in one domain is related to development in other domains. 
C) is consistent with the view that early development is related to later development. 
D) means that development is jointly influenced by heredity and environment.

Question 3

Amanda noticed that whenever other children asked a question in class, their teacher seemed to get mad at them. Amanda decided not to ask her teacher for help, even though she needed it and her teacher had never seemed to be angry with her. Amanda's behaviour was shaped by

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) observational learning. 
D) self-efficacy. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) observational learning. 
D) self-efficacy.

Question 4

Which question would most interest a developmental psychopathology researcher?

Accepted Answer

A) How do unresolved parent-child conflicts affect adult behaviour? 
B) How do children learn to understand language? 
C) What psychological changes occur when a child suddenly loses his or her vision? 
D) Which is a stronger force, rewards or punishment? 
A) How do unresolved parent-child conflicts affect adult behaviour? 
B) How do children learn to understand language? 
C) What psychological changes occur when a child suddenly loses his or her vision? 
D) Which is a stronger force, rewards or punishment?

Question 5

Which of the following reflects Vaillant's six adult developmental stages in the right order?

Accepted Answer

A) identity, intimacy, career consolidation, generativity, keeper of the meaning, and integrity 
B) intimacy, career consolidation, generativity, keeper of the meaning, integrity, and identity 
C) intimacy, identity, career consolidation, generativity, keeper of the meaning, and integrity 
D) identity, intimacy, career consolidation, keeper of the meaning, generativity, and integrity 
A) identity, intimacy, career consolidation, generativity, keeper of the meaning, and integrity 
B) intimacy, career consolidation, generativity, keeper of the meaning, integrity, and identity 
C) intimacy, identity, career consolidation, generativity, keeper of the meaning, and integrity 
D) identity, intimacy, career consolidation, keeper of the meaning, generativity, and integrity

Question 6

George Vaillant revised and extended the developmental theory of

Accepted Answer

A) Freud. 
B) Erickson. 
C) Bronfenbrenner. 
D) Piaget. 
A) Freud. 
B) Erickson. 
C) Bronfenbrenner. 
D) Piaget.

Question 7

According to ethologists, some behaviours can only be learned

Accepted Answer

A) when the behaviour is reinforced and opposing behaviours are punished. 
B) through observational learning. 
C) during a critical period when the organism is biologically programmed to learn that behaviour. 
D) when the conflict between biological drives and society's standards is resolved. 
A) when the behaviour is reinforced and opposing behaviours are punished. 
B) through observational learning. 
C) during a critical period when the organism is biologically programmed to learn that behaviour. 
D) when the conflict between biological drives and society's standards is resolved.

Question 8

Gesell's maturational theory most closely fits with the ideas of

Accepted Answer

A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 
B) Urie Bronfenbrenner. 
C) John Locke. 
D) John Watson. 
A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 
B) Urie Bronfenbrenner. 
C) John Locke. 
D) John Watson.

Question 9

Information-processing theorists use a ________ as a model for human cognition.

Accepted Answer

A) black box 
B) microsystem 
C) computer 
D) macrosystem 
A) black box 
B) microsystem 
C) computer 
D) macrosystem

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of G. Stanley Hall, the earliest researcher to empirically study and describe children's development?

Accepted Answer

A) His goal was to reconstruct the study of psychology to include the study of children. 
B) He studied about 100 000 children. 
C) He aimed to describe the "normal" child. 
D) He based his work on the physical sciences. 
A) His goal was to reconstruct the study of psychology to include the study of children. 
B) He studied about 100 000 children. 
C) He aimed to describe the "normal" child. 
D) He based his work on the physical sciences.

Question 11

A consequence that decreases the future likelihood of the behaviour that it follows is called

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) self-efficacy. 
D) punishment. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) self-efficacy. 
D) punishment.

Question 12

The "moral agent" in a child's personality is/are the

Accepted Answer

A) ego. 
B) superego. 
C) primitive instincts. 
D) id. 
A) ego. 
B) superego. 
C) primitive instincts. 
D) id.

Question 13

Erikson emphasized

Accepted Answer

A) psychological and social aspects of development. 
B) biological and physical aspects of development. 
C) environmental influences on development. 
D) cognitive development. 
A) psychological and social aspects of development. 
B) biological and physical aspects of development. 
C) environmental influences on development. 
D) cognitive development.

Question 14

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, development is

Accepted Answer

A) the result of a natural unfolding of biological plans. 
B) determined by the resolution of conflicts between one's biological drives and society's standards of right and wrong. 
C) the result of children's attempts to understand their worlds. 
D) determined by children's resolution of psychological and social crises. 
A) the result of a natural unfolding of biological plans. 
B) determined by the resolution of conflicts between one's biological drives and society's standards of right and wrong. 
C) the result of children's attempts to understand their worlds. 
D) determined by children's resolution of psychological and social crises.

Question 15

Cultural influences are part of the

Accepted Answer

A) microsystem. 
B) macrosystem. 
C) mesosystem. 
D) exosystem. 
A) microsystem. 
B) macrosystem. 
C) mesosystem. 
D) exosystem.

Question 16

The id

Accepted Answer

A) wants immediate gratification of bodily desires. 
B) provides a sense of morality. 
C) works to resolve conflicts. 
D) presses for socially acceptable actions. 
A) wants immediate gratification of bodily desires. 
B) provides a sense of morality. 
C) works to resolve conflicts. 
D) presses for socially acceptable actions.

Question 17

In Erikson's psychosocial theory,

Accepted Answer

A) outcomes of earlier stages influence how well children deal with the challenges of later stages. 
B) each stage is self-contained and has no influence on other stages. 
C) physical aspects of development are more important than social aspects of development. 
D) the same challenges are faced over and over again in each stage. 
A) outcomes of earlier stages influence how well children deal with the challenges of later stages. 
B) each stage is self-contained and has no influence on other stages. 
C) physical aspects of development are more important than social aspects of development. 
D) the same challenges are faced over and over again in each stage.

Question 18

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development focused on

Accepted Answer

A) the resolution of psychological crises. 
B) improvements in mental hardware and software. 
C) children's creation of "theories" that help them understand their worlds. 
D) adaptive behaviours that are learned during critical periods. 
A) the resolution of psychological crises. 
B) improvements in mental hardware and software. 
C) children's creation of "theories" that help them understand their worlds. 
D) adaptive behaviours that are learned during critical periods.

Question 19

Heidi is a strong proponent of Freudian theory. When raising her children, she is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A) be very indulgent with them. 
B) be very strict and demanding. 
C) try to meet her children's needs but not overindulge them. 
D) set up a system of rewards and punishments for various behaviours. 
A) be very indulgent with them. 
B) be very strict and demanding. 
C) try to meet her children's needs but not overindulge them. 
D) set up a system of rewards and punishments for various behaviours.

Question 20

B.F. Skinner is most closely associated with which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A) imprinting 
B) self-efficacy 
C) operant conditioning 
D) observational learning 
A) imprinting 
B) self-efficacy 
C) operant conditioning 
D) observational learning

According to Freud, psychosexual development is determined by

The idea of continuity in development

Amanda noticed that whenever other children asked a question in class, their teacher seemed to get mad at them. Amanda decided not to ask her teacher for help, even though she needed it and her teacher had never seemed to be angry with her. Amanda's behaviour was shaped by

Which question would most interest a developmental psychopathology researcher?

Which of the following reflects Vaillant's six adult developmental stages in the right order?

George Vaillant revised and extended the developmental theory of

According to ethologists, some behaviours can only be learned

Gesell's maturational theory most closely fits with the ideas of

Information-processing theorists use a ________ as a model for human cognition.

Which of the following is not true of G. Stanley Hall, the earliest researcher to empirically study and describe children's development?

A consequence that decreases the future likelihood of the behaviour that it follows is called

The "moral agent" in a child's personality is/are the

Erikson emphasized

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, development is

Cultural influences are part of the

The id

In Erikson's psychosocial theory,

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development focused on

Heidi is a strong proponent of Freudian theory. When raising her children, she is most likely to

B.F. Skinner is most closely associated with which of the following concepts?

Research in Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers

Cognition in Infants and Toddlers

Social and Emotional Development in Infants and Toddlers

Physical Growth in Preschool Children

Cognitive Development in Preschool Children

Social and Emotional Development in Preschool Children

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Growth in Adolescents

Cognitive Processes in Adolescents

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescents

Filters

Exam 1: Child Development: Theories and Themes

According to Freud, psychosexual development is determined by

The idea of continuity in development

Amanda noticed that whenever other children asked a question in class, their teacher seemed to get mad at them. Amanda decided not to ask her teacher for help, even though she needed it and her teacher had never seemed to be angry with her. Amanda's behaviour was shaped by

Which question would most interest a developmental psychopathology researcher?

Which of the following reflects Vaillant's six adult developmental stages in the right order?

George Vaillant revised and extended the developmental theory of

According to ethologists, some behaviours can only be learned

Gesell's maturational theory most closely fits with the ideas of

Information-processing theorists use a ________ as a model for human cognition.

Which of the following is not true of G. Stanley Hall, the earliest researcher to empirically study and describe children's development?

A consequence that decreases the future likelihood of the behaviour that it follows is called

The "moral agent" in a child's personality is/are the

Erikson emphasized

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, development is

Cultural influences are part of the

The id

In Erikson's psychosocial theory,

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development focused on

Heidi is a strong proponent of Freudian theory. When raising her children, she is most likely to

B.F. Skinner is most closely associated with which of the following concepts?

Research in Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers

Cognition in Infants and Toddlers

Social and Emotional Development in Infants and Toddlers

Physical Growth in Preschool Children

Cognitive Development in Preschool Children

Social and Emotional Development in Preschool Children

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Growth in Adolescents

Cognitive Processes in Adolescents

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescents

Filters