Question 1

Axons of the lower motor neurons of the lateral corticospinal tracts innervate

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscles that control skilled movements in the limbs. 
B) muscles of the lower digestive tract. 
C) muscles of the respiratory system. 
D) skeletal muscles of the upper back and neck. 
E) axial skeletal muscle. 
A) skeletal muscles that control skilled movements in the limbs. 
B) muscles of the lower digestive tract. 
C) muscles of the respiratory system. 
D) skeletal muscles of the upper back and neck. 
E) axial skeletal muscle.

Question 2

Damage to the cortical region of the representational hemisphere can cause dull,emotionless speech.This condition is called

Accepted Answer

A) dyslexia. 
B) ataxia. 
C) hemiballismus. 
D) agnosia. 
E) aprosody. 
A) dyslexia. 
B) ataxia. 
C) hemiballismus. 
D) agnosia. 
E) aprosody.

Question 3

Following birth,the CNS continues to mature and gain in complexity.As it matures many neurons expand their number of connections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The term cerebral lateralization refers to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A) the two hemispheres are identical anatomically. 
B) the right hemisphere controls only the right side of the body. 
C) the two hemispheres control only the opposite side of the body. 
D) each hemisphere is specialized for certain tasks. 
E) the two hemispheres mature at the same time. 
A) the two hemispheres are identical anatomically. 
B) the right hemisphere controls only the right side of the body. 
C) the two hemispheres control only the opposite side of the body. 
D) each hemisphere is specialized for certain tasks. 
E) the two hemispheres mature at the same time.

Question 5

Which part of the brain arouses us from sleep?

Accepted Answer

A) Reticular activating system 
B) Prefrontal cortex 
C) Motor component of the reticular formation 
D) Amygdaloid body 
E) Hypothalamus 
A) Reticular activating system 
B) Prefrontal cortex 
C) Motor component of the reticular formation 
D) Amygdaloid body 
E) Hypothalamus

Question 6

A cerebrovascular accident (stroke)is caused by an increase in blood supply to a part of the brain due to a blocked or damaged arterial blood vessel.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The secondary neuron in a sensory pathway is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) motor neuron. 
B) interneuron. 
C) visceral neuron. 
D) center in the brain. 
E) tract in the spinal cord. 
A) motor neuron. 
B) interneuron. 
C) visceral neuron. 
D) center in the brain. 
E) tract in the spinal cord.

Question 8

Where does the axon of a primary neuron project?

Accepted Answer

A) Directly to the appropriate region of the brain 
B) To the axon of a tertiary neuron 
C) To another primary neuron 
D) To a secondary neuron 
E) To a muscle or a gland for appropriate action 
A) Directly to the appropriate region of the brain 
B) To the axon of a tertiary neuron 
C) To another primary neuron 
D) To a secondary neuron 
E) To a muscle or a gland for appropriate action

Question 9

In motor pathways,axons of lower motor neurons exit the _________ and project to the __________ to be innervated.

Accepted Answer

A) CNS; skeletal muscle 
B) PNS; skeletal muscle 
C) CNS; sensory receptor 
D) PNS; sensory receptor 
E) CNS; PNS 
A) CNS; skeletal muscle 
B) PNS; skeletal muscle 
C) CNS; sensory receptor 
D) PNS; sensory receptor 
E) CNS; PNS

Question 10

Complex unconscious motor patterns are controlled by neurons in various locations.The ones that control sudden startled movements due to visual or auditory stimuli are located in the

Accepted Answer

A) mesencephalon. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) hypothalamus. 
D) cerebral nuclei. 
E) medulla oblongata. 
A) mesencephalon. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) hypothalamus. 
D) cerebral nuclei. 
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 11

This pathway is composed of the anterior spinothalamic tract and the lateral spinothalamic tract.Axons entering this pathway conduct stimuli related to crude touch and pressure as well as pain and temperature.

Accepted Answer

A) The posterior funiculus-medial lemniscal pathway 
B) The anterolateral pathway 
C) The musculomedial pathway 
D) The spinocerebellar pathway 
E) The posterolateral pathway 
A) The posterior funiculus-medial lemniscal pathway 
B) The anterolateral pathway 
C) The musculomedial pathway 
D) The spinocerebellar pathway 
E) The posterolateral pathway

Question 12

How does the CNS communicate with the rest of the body?

Accepted Answer

A) Through direct connections based on a one nerve-one function process 
B) Primarily through hormonal action 
C) Through a system of neuronal links known as connectors 
D) Through pathways that travel through white matter of the brainstem and spinal cord to connect various CNS regions with peripheral nerves 
E) Through a network of fibrous interconnections between each organ and a specific target within the CNS 
A) Through direct connections based on a one nerve-one function process 
B) Primarily through hormonal action 
C) Through a system of neuronal links known as connectors 
D) Through pathways that travel through white matter of the brainstem and spinal cord to connect various CNS regions with peripheral nerves 
E) Through a network of fibrous interconnections between each organ and a specific target within the CNS

Question 13

The inability to either recognize or understand the meaning of various stimuli is termed

Accepted Answer

A) dyslexia. 
B) ataxia. 
C) hemiballismus. 
D) agnosia. 
E) aprosodia. 
A) dyslexia. 
B) ataxia. 
C) hemiballismus. 
D) agnosia. 
E) aprosodia.

Question 14

This part of the brain is responsible for autonomic motor functions such as respiration,blood pressure,and heart rate,as well as for regulating muscle tone.

Accepted Answer

A) Sensory component of the reticular formation 
B) Prefrontal cortex 
C) Motor component of the reticular formation 
D) Amygdala 
E) Hypothalamus 
A) Sensory component of the reticular formation 
B) Prefrontal cortex 
C) Motor component of the reticular formation 
D) Amygdala 
E) Hypothalamus

Question 15

Which is a form of impaired memory processing that occurs following years of alcohol abuse?

Accepted Answer

A) Korsakoff psychosis 
B) Anterograde amnesia 
C) Retrograde amnesia 
D) Prosttraumatic amnesia 
E) Hysterical amnesia 
A) Korsakoff psychosis 
B) Anterograde amnesia 
C) Retrograde amnesia 
D) Prosttraumatic amnesia 
E) Hysterical amnesia

Question 16

Adult males exhibit less lateralization than females and suffer less functional loss when one hemisphere is damaged.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The different tracts within indirect motor pathways are grouped according to their primary functions.The medial pathway regulates

Accepted Answer

A) muscle tone and gross movements of the muscles of the head,neck,proximal limb,and trunk. 
B) and controls precise,discrete movements and tone in flexor muscles of the limbs. 
C) heartbeat and controls blood pressure. 
D) respiratory rhythm and CO2 levels. 
E) smooth muscle contraction in the viscera. 
A) muscle tone and gross movements of the muscles of the head,neck,proximal limb,and trunk. 
B) and controls precise,discrete movements and tone in flexor muscles of the limbs. 
C) heartbeat and controls blood pressure. 
D) respiratory rhythm and CO2 levels. 
E) smooth muscle contraction in the viscera.

Question 18

Only a fraction of our sensory impulses reach our conscious awareness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Higher-order mental functions include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) consciousness. 
B) learning. 
C) memory. 
D) reflex actions. 
E) reasoning. 
A) consciousness. 
B) learning. 
C) memory. 
D) reflex actions. 
E) reasoning.

Exam 17: Pathways and Integrative Functions

Axons of the lower motor neurons of the lateral corticospinal tracts innervate

Damage to the cortical region of the representational hemisphere can cause dull,emotionless speech.This condition is called

Following birth,the CNS continues to mature and gain in complexity.As it matures many neurons expand their number of connections.

The term cerebral lateralization refers to the fact that

Which part of the brain arouses us from sleep?

A cerebrovascular accident (stroke)is caused by an increase in blood supply to a part of the brain due to a blocked or damaged arterial blood vessel.

The secondary neuron in a sensory pathway is a(n)

Where does the axon of a primary neuron project?

In motor pathways,axons of lower motor neurons exit the _________ and project to the __________ to be innervated.

Complex unconscious motor patterns are controlled by neurons in various locations.The ones that control sudden startled movements due to visual or auditory stimuli are located in the

This pathway is composed of the anterior spinothalamic tract and the lateral spinothalamic tract.Axons entering this pathway conduct stimuli related to crude touch and pressure as well as pain and temperature.

How does the CNS communicate with the rest of the body?

The inability to either recognize or understand the meaning of various stimuli is termed

This part of the brain is responsible for autonomic motor functions such as respiration,blood pressure,and heart rate,as well as for regulating muscle tone.

Which is a form of impaired memory processing that occurs following years of alcohol abuse?

Adult males exhibit less lateralization than females and suffer less functional loss when one hemisphere is damaged.

The different tracts within indirect motor pathways are grouped according to their primary functions.The medial pathway regulates

Only a fraction of our sensory impulses reach our conscious awareness.

Higher-order mental functions include all of the following except

A First Look at Anatomy

The Celt Basic Unit of Structure and Function

Embryology

Tissue Level of Organization

Integumentary System

Cartilage and Bone

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue and Organization

Axial Muscles

Appendicular Muscles

Surface Anatomy

Nervous Tissue

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Senses: General and Special

Endocrine System

Blood

Heart

Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Filters

In motor pathways,axons of lower motor neurons exit the _ and project to the __ to be innervated.