Exam 5: Learning

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned her room.What is the cookie in this example?

Fred is afraid of spiders.He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them.When he sees a picture of a spider,he has a panic attack,but when he avoids looking at the image,his panic goes away.Fred's avoidance of spiders is being ________.

John Watson offered a live,white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer.The white rat served as the ________ in his study.

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate?

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and outline the laws of voluntary responses?

A researcher places dogs in a cage with metal bars on the floor.The dogs are randomly given electric shocks and can do nothing to prevent them or stop them.Later,the same dogs are placed in a cage where they can escape the shocks by jumping over a low hurdle.When the shocks are given,the dogs do not even try to escape.They just sit and cower.This is an example of ________.

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington,DC.The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today.The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?

Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective that explains that classical conditioning occurs because of expectancy?

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank.After a while,he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light.In this example,the ________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

Some researchers believe that classical conditioning takes place only because:

In Bandura's study of observational learning,the abbreviation AMID stands for ________.

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)has been used to help children with autism.The basic principle of this form of behavior modification is ________.

A discriminative stimulus is typically viewed as ________.

Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning)is called ________.

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and,thus ________ the probability of a response.

It is even possible to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus in a process called ________.

Conditioned taste aversions are an example of something called ________.

In Pavlov's classic experiments,the repeated presentations of the metronome along with the food formed the ________ step of the classical conditioning process.

Secondary reinforcers differ from primary reinforcers in that secondary reinforcers ________.