Exam 5: Learning

A ________ reinforcer,such as money or praise,gets its value through an association with a(n)________ reinforcer.

If one presented the conditioned stimulus (such as a metronome)after the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (the food)in Pavlov's learning experiment,little or no classical conditioning would occur.

Reinforcement is to punishment as:

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington,DC.The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today.What psychological process are the representatives probably considering as the reason that TV influences school violence?

One might expect that classical conditioning was discovered by a psychologist.However,it was discovered by a ________.

Classical conditioning was accidentally discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov while he was studying salivation in dogs.

You train your dog,Milo,to salivate at the sound of a bell.Then you ring the bell every five minutes and don't follow the ringing with food for Milo.He salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at all when the bell rings.But the next morning,when you ring the bell,Milo salivates! What term is used to explain the reappearance of this response?

________ classical conditioning,operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the ________.

The abbreviation CR stands for ________.

When Joe thinks about his sorely missed girlfriend,he drinks alcohol,which helps dull his feelings.This best illustrates:

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ________.

A behavioral psychologist tries to train a bird to climb a tree to get a reward of a piece of fruit.At first,the bird learns how to climb the tree with its legs and beak.After a while,it starts flapping its wings and hopping around before it starts to climb.Eventually,the bird flies up to the piece of fruit,even though that prevents it from getting the fruit.According to the Brelands' analysis of biological constraints,the bird is demonstrating ________.

The current view of why classical conditioning works the way it does,advanced by Rescorla and others,adds the concept of ________ to conditioning theory.

Learning is said to be a relatively permanent change in behavior because ________.

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

An expert on parenting is addressing parents at the local grade school.When the topic of punishment is discussed,what is one outcome of punishment the expert is likely to note for the parents to consider?

Bandura's seminal study of observational learning involved watching children and their interactions with Bobo dolls.

Which letters correspond to the four elements of modeling from Bandura's theory?

________ is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?