Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

In addition to describing and explaining mental processes and behavior,psychology also attempts to ________ these phenomena.

In 1879,in Leipzig,Germany,the first psychological laboratory was overseen by ________.

A teacher tells the school psychologist that Kate is late to class,does not turn in her homework,squirms around a lot in her seat,and swings her feet constantly.This is an example of which goal of psychology?

Paul records data that indicate that the number of hot chocolates sold at the concession stand increases as temperature outside decreases (for example,more hot chocolates are purchased during late fall than late spring).Which of the following statements is the most accurate depiction of this finding?

Professor Wenches approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes unconscious processes within the individual,such as inner forces or conflicts.It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches?

Which pair of scientists shared the most similar views of behavior?

Testing a hypothesis is the third step in a scientific investigation.This step is derived from which goal of psychology?

The steps or procedures an experimenter must use to control or measure the variables in a study is called the ________.

Participants in research early in psychology's history might have been asked to view a chair and describe its color,shape,and texture and other aspects of their conscious experience.These individuals would have been using a method called ________.

________ is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if participants are in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.

Brock is the star quarterback on his college football team.When scoring his first test,his anatomy professor was surprised that he earned an "A+" because ________.

Roger conducted a naturalistic observation as a project for a psychology class.He observed the interactions of parents and children at a football game.Many of the people he observed seemed to have noticed him.Roger forgot about the observer effect.

There are fewer psychologists in the areas of educational,school,and cognitive combined than counseling psychologists.

The goals of psychology are to ________.

The tendency to look for information that supports one's own belief is called ________.

Dr.Jones probably agrees with the ________ theory of psychology,since he contends that humans are intelligent species due to the fact that intelligence gives us an advantage in the natural world.

The administration of Midwest State University wants to know if the arrangement of chairs affects student participation in classrooms.What would be a good operational definition of the dependent variable in an experiment designed to measure this relationship?

Two groups of graduate students were given rats and were told to teach them how to run mazes.Group 1 was told that they had "very smart" rats that should learn quickly.Group 2 was told that they had "very stupid" rats that should learn slowly.In actuality,neither group was any different,and the rats were randomly assigned.In spite of that,when the experiment concluded,Group 1 rats had learned the maze much more quickly.How can that be explained?

Kerri wanted to study the effects of having the oldest child in a family go off to college.She decided to use her own family after her brother went off to a college in France.She took notes each day on her parents' behavior and kept a diary on her own reactions.Kerri was using the technique called ________.

Ideally,everything in the experimental situation except the __________ is held constant.