Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

In a laboratory,smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal.The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions.Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat.Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine.You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have.In this study,the independent variable is ________.

Which correlation coefficient is most likely to describe the relationship between brushing one's teeth and the number of cavities one gets?

Vido has a master's degree and is interested in working on the causes of poverty.What type of professional is Vido most likely to become?

What did Sigmund Freud consider as the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?

The placebo effect means ________.

A(n)________ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.

While Margaret Floy Washburn may have been the first woman to receive a Ph.D.in psychology in the United States (in 1894),the first African-American woman to do so was ________ in 1934 at the University of Minnesota.

Sam conducted a naturalistic observation as a project for a psychology class.He observed the interactions of parents and children at a restaurant.Many of the people he observed seemed to notice him.When Sam described his work to his teacher,she suggested he find out more about the ________.

Dr.Proverse has individuals cycle on stationary bikes for 0,10,20,or 30 minutes,after which he measures their self-reported mood.In this hypothetical study,the dependent variable is:

All of the following variables,except for ________,would likely show a positive correlation.

A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would BEST be advised to see a ________.

Diffusion of responsibility is the tendency to feel that someone else is responsible for responding in a crisis situation.

Dr.Leland can prescribe drugs in some situations and works with depressed women.He must be a psychologist.

While on a visit to a large city,you observe several billboards in which a series of lights seems to move.Which perspective in psychology would most likely help you understand this phenomenon?

Julie finds that the number of hours she sleeps each night is related to the scores she receives on quizzes the next day.As her sleep approaches 8 hours,her quiz scores improve;as her sleep drops to 5 hours,her quiz scores show a similar decline.Julie realizes that ________.

Darley and Latané (1968)believe that the presence of other people in a distressing situation decreased the likelihood that they would receive help due to ________.

Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology?

Which noted African-American psychologist held a post as president of Shaw University in North Carolina and then president of Virginia State College?

Which founding contributors to psychology helped develop behaviorism?

Darley and Latané (1968)believe that the presence of other people in a distressing situation actually increased the likelihood that they would receive hel