Question 1

Using the partial report method,Sperling found the capacity of iconic memory to be around

Accepted Answer

A) four or five items. 
B) nine or 10 items. 
C) all the letters present. 
D) one or two items. 
A) four or five items. 
B) nine or 10 items. 
C) all the letters present. 
D) one or two items.

Question 2

The primacy effect is to __________ as the recency effect is to __________.

Accepted Answer

A) phonological encoding;visual encoding 
B) long-term memory;short-term memory 
C) maintenance rehearsal;elaborative rehearsal 
D) short-term memory;sensory memory 
A) phonological encoding;visual encoding 
B) long-term memory;short-term memory 
C) maintenance rehearsal;elaborative rehearsal 
D) short-term memory;sensory memory

Question 3

What are the two major types of rehearsal involved in moving information from short-term to long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Condensed and expanded 
B) Elaborative and permanent 
C) Maintenance and permanent 
D) Elaborative and maintenance 
A) Condensed and expanded 
B) Elaborative and permanent 
C) Maintenance and permanent 
D) Elaborative and maintenance

Question 4

Which of the following best reflects the paradox of memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Bobby remembers most important events in his life but forgets where he puts his keys regularly. 
B) Stephanie has a difficult time forgetting experiences in her life,whether good or bad. 
C) Miriam remembers positive life events very well but does not have a good memory for negative experiences. 
D) Tyler can remember his past very well but has trouble encoding new memories and fails to remember events that just happened to him. 
A) Bobby remembers most important events in his life but forgets where he puts his keys regularly. 
B) Stephanie has a difficult time forgetting experiences in her life,whether good or bad. 
C) Miriam remembers positive life events very well but does not have a good memory for negative experiences. 
D) Tyler can remember his past very well but has trouble encoding new memories and fails to remember events that just happened to him.

Question 5

In answering this,and all other questions for this exam,you are making use of

Accepted Answer

A) priming. 
B) retrieval. 
C) encoding. 
D) storage. 
A) priming. 
B) retrieval. 
C) encoding. 
D) storage.

Question 6

The major "bank" of memory (i.e. ,where memory is stored)primarily involves which brain structure?

Accepted Answer

A) Hippocampus 
B) Prefrontal cortex 
C) Thalamus 
D) Amygdala 
A) Hippocampus 
B) Prefrontal cortex 
C) Thalamus 
D) Amygdala

Question 7

The levels of processing concept of Craik and Lockhart would suggest that which of the following questions would lead to better memory of the word frog?

Accepted Answer

A) "Does it rhyme with blog?" 
B) "Is it in capital letters?" 
C) "Is it written in cursive?" 
D) "Would it be found in a pond?" 
A) "Does it rhyme with blog?" 
B) "Is it in capital letters?" 
C) "Is it written in cursive?" 
D) "Would it be found in a pond?"

Question 8

In the partial report method of Sperling's study of sensory memory,the participants were to report

Accepted Answer

A) one of three lines of letters as indicated by the sound of a tone immediately presented after the letters had disappeared. 
B) only one or two of the letters in the cued line. 
C) the first letter of each line only. 
D) the middle letter of each line. 
A) one of three lines of letters as indicated by the sound of a tone immediately presented after the letters had disappeared. 
B) only one or two of the letters in the cued line. 
C) the first letter of each line only. 
D) the middle letter of each line.

Question 9

The best place to take your biology exam to ensure good retrieval of biology concepts is in

Accepted Answer

A) the biology classroom. 
B) an auditorium to prevent cheating. 
C) the English classroom. 
D) the special testing room used for all exams. 
A) the biology classroom. 
B) an auditorium to prevent cheating. 
C) the English classroom. 
D) the special testing room used for all exams.

Question 10

You try to remember a phone number by repeating it over and over to yourself.What type of rehearsal are you using?

Accepted Answer

A) Condensed 
B) Permanent 
C) Elaborative 
D) Maintenance 
A) Condensed 
B) Permanent 
C) Elaborative 
D) Maintenance

Question 11

If the capacity of short-term memory is so limited,how is it that we are able to remember as much information as we do and transfer information into long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Long-term memory is unlimited,so we can transfer information very quickly to avoid decay. 
B) We use processes such as chunking and rehearsal to expand the capacity of working memory. 
C) Visual processing of information in short-term memory allows for deep processing and transfer. 
D) The duration of short-term memory is unlimited,so despite limited capacity,we remember this information for a long time. 
A) Long-term memory is unlimited,so we can transfer information very quickly to avoid decay. 
B) We use processes such as chunking and rehearsal to expand the capacity of working memory. 
C) Visual processing of information in short-term memory allows for deep processing and transfer. 
D) The duration of short-term memory is unlimited,so despite limited capacity,we remember this information for a long time.

Question 12

Jill and Ben are talking about a restaurant they went to the previous week and have recommended this place to a few friends.Jill comments that the coffee at the restaurant was great,and Ben looks at her strangely and reminds her that she did not have coffee when they were there.Jill mistakenly remembers having coffee because she always has coffee after a meal at a restaurant.Jill's mistake most likely resulted from

Accepted Answer

A) false memories. 
B) schemas. 
C) retrieval errors. 
D) memory decay. 
A) false memories. 
B) schemas. 
C) retrieval errors. 
D) memory decay.

Question 13

As an adult and a parent of a four-year-old child,Camille has seen many children begin to cry when placed on the lap of the mall Santa or Easter Bunny.When discussing this with her brother,Luis,he reminds her of the time when she was five that she began crying hysterically,ran from Santa's lap,and was lost for nearly two hours.Luis has made this entire event up,but Camille has a clear and distinct memory of the event he described.This demonstrates the role of __________ in producing false memories.

Accepted Answer

A) plausible events 
B) exaggerated suggestion 
C) implausible events 
D) atypical events 
A) plausible events 
B) exaggerated suggestion 
C) implausible events 
D) atypical events

Question 14

In high school,Deanna took three years of Spanish.Upon enrolling in college 10 years later,she registered for a remedial French course.When required to speak in French during class discussion with her teacher and classmates,Deanna frequently responds with Spanish words instead of French words.This is one example of

Accepted Answer

A) retroactive interference. 
B) blocking. 
C) proactive interference. 
D) decay. 
A) retroactive interference. 
B) blocking. 
C) proactive interference. 
D) decay.

Question 15

Darryl decides to start reviewing for his exam by studying 20 minutes a day for 10 days rather than just studying three to four hours the night before his exam.He is making use of

Accepted Answer

A) delayed practice. 
B) massed practice. 
C) cramming. 
D) distributed practice. 
A) delayed practice. 
B) massed practice. 
C) cramming. 
D) distributed practice.

Question 16

Evidence regarding eidetic memory suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) only individuals that are older or have developmental disabilities have this type of memory. 
B) even these memories show evidence of reconstruction as they often contain minor errors. 
C) this type of memory is truly photographic and resistant to decay and alteration over time. 
D) photographic memories are a perfect visual replication of the original stimulus for long duration. 
A) only individuals that are older or have developmental disabilities have this type of memory. 
B) even these memories show evidence of reconstruction as they often contain minor errors. 
C) this type of memory is truly photographic and resistant to decay and alteration over time. 
D) photographic memories are a perfect visual replication of the original stimulus for long duration.

Question 17

When asked to recall the name of the first prime minister of Canada,Peter draws a blank;however,when asked whether it was Barack Obama,Jean Chretien,or Sir John A.MacDonald,he correctly answers with the last of the choices.This example most clearly demonstrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A) state-dependent memory. 
B) retrieval cues. 
C) cross links in deep structure. 
D) mnemonic devices. 
A) state-dependent memory. 
B) retrieval cues. 
C) cross links in deep structure. 
D) mnemonic devices.

Question 18

Brianna has just asked a new friend,Tim,for his phone number and is repeating it to herself in her head.Tim then asks her a question about her plans for later in the day,and she forgets his phone number.What process was she using to remember his phone number,and why did she forget?

Accepted Answer

A) She used maintenance rehearsal and forgot because her rehearsal was interrupted. 
B) She used elaborative rehearsal and forgot due to memory decay. 
C) She used maintenance rehearsal and forgot because of proactive inhibition. 
D) She used elaborative rehearsal and forgot because she was not able to chunk the information effectively. 
A) She used maintenance rehearsal and forgot because her rehearsal was interrupted. 
B) She used elaborative rehearsal and forgot due to memory decay. 
C) She used maintenance rehearsal and forgot because of proactive inhibition. 
D) She used elaborative rehearsal and forgot because she was not able to chunk the information effectively.

Question 19

A small subset of individuals with infantile autism have

Accepted Answer

A) a lack of specialized memory abilities. 
B) remarkable abilities to memorize factual information. 
C) an exceptional ability to memorize the digits of the mathematical value of pi. 
D) very good memories for personal experiences and poor memories for facts. 
A) a lack of specialized memory abilities. 
B) remarkable abilities to memorize factual information. 
C) an exceptional ability to memorize the digits of the mathematical value of pi. 
D) very good memories for personal experiences and poor memories for facts.

Question 20

What point did the authors make regarding claims of recovered memories of childhood abuse?

Accepted Answer

A) Childhood abuse frequently happens and all claims should be treated as accurate recall of past abuse. 
B) Childhood abuse rarely happens and all claims should be dismissed as implanted false memories. 
C) Childhood abuse claims need to have supporting evidence in order to be believed as real. 
D) Recovered memories are always the result of faulty memory processes. 
A) Childhood abuse frequently happens and all claims should be treated as accurate recall of past abuse. 
B) Childhood abuse rarely happens and all claims should be dismissed as implanted false memories. 
C) Childhood abuse claims need to have supporting evidence in order to be believed as real. 
D) Recovered memories are always the result of faulty memory processes.

Exam 7: D: Memory

Using the partial report method,Sperling found the capacity of iconic memory to be around

The primacy effect is to __________ as the recency effect is to __________.

What are the two major types of rehearsal involved in moving information from short-term to long-term memory?

Which of the following best reflects the paradox of memory?

In answering this,and all other questions for this exam,you are making use of

The major "bank" of memory (i.e. ,where memory is stored)primarily involves which brain structure?

The levels of processing concept of Craik and Lockhart would suggest that which of the following questions would lead to better memory of the word frog?

In the partial report method of Sperling's study of sensory memory,the participants were to report

The best place to take your biology exam to ensure good retrieval of biology concepts is in

You try to remember a phone number by repeating it over and over to yourself.What type of rehearsal are you using?

If the capacity of short-term memory is so limited,how is it that we are able to remember as much information as we do and transfer information into long-term memory?

Darryl decides to start reviewing for his exam by studying 20 minutes a day for 10 days rather than just studying three to four hours the night before his exam.He is making use of

Evidence regarding eidetic memory suggests that

When asked to recall the name of the first prime minister of Canada,Peter draws a blank;however,when asked whether it was Barack Obama,Jean Chretien,or Sir John A.MacDonald,he correctly answers with the last of the choices.This example most clearly demonstrates the value of

Brianna has just asked a new friend,Tim,for his phone number and is repeating it to herself in her head.Tim then asks her a question about her plans for later in the day,and she forgets his phone number.What process was she using to remember his phone number,and why did she forget?

A small subset of individuals with infantile autism have

What point did the authors make regarding claims of recovered memories of childhood abuse?

A: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

B: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

C: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

A: Research Methods

B: Research Methods

C: Research Methods

D: Research Methods

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Thinking,reasoning,and Language

B: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

C: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

D: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

A: Intelligence and Iq Testing

B: Intelligence and Iq Testing

C: Intelligence and Iq Testing

D: Intelligence and Iq Testing

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Emotion and Motivation

B: Emotion and Motivation

C: Emotion and Motivation

D: Emotion and Motivation

A: Stress,coping,and Health

B: Stress,coping,and Health

C: Stress,coping,and Health

D: Stress,coping,and Health

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological and Biological Treatments

B: Psychological and Biological Treatments

C: Psychological and Biological Treatments

The primacy effect is to as the recency effect is to .