Exam 2: Cognitive Transitions

Anita cannot understand why adolescents are more likely than any other age group to engage in risky behaviors. She has learned in class that individuals undergo significant cognitive advancements during adolescence, and in fact, many adolescents aged 15 and older use the same basic processes that adults use to make decisions. Your instructor has asked you to explain to Anita why risk taking may peak during adolescence. What do you tell her?

Juan is 4.5 years old. His language skills are excellent, but his thinking skills demonstrate limitations such as egocentrism. What Piagetian stage of thought would you suspect he is in?

Much research on adults as well as adolescents indicates that the gaps between _____ and _____ in everyday situations are very large, with everyday decision making laden with logical errors that cannot be explained by cognitive incompetence.

Dr. Brown argues that adolescents can solve problems better than younger children because they can store more information in memory and because they have more effective strategies. Dr. Brown's view is most consistent with which of the following perspectives?

Describe a class that Lev Vygotsky would teach. What components would be important in his classroom? What tactics would the teacher employ to facilitate learning?

You join your friends for coffee and notice they are arguing about whether the Piagetian or the information-processing perspective offers a better explanation of cognitive development. They ask for your opinion, and you tell them that each is useful but each has limitations. You suggest a third approach that integrates the two perspectives. What do you tell your friends?

Compared to childhood, reward seeking and sensation seeking during adolescence:

Most research on adolescents' beliefs about rights and civil liberties comes from:

Which theory helps researchers understand adolescent risk taking?

Chris and his parents had an argument because they did not want him to go to a New Year's Eve party across town. A few days after the argument, Chris's anger subsided because he realized his parents were worried about his safety. Which cognitive process did Chris most likely use to reach this conclusion?

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be a child (and not an adolescent)?

Tam is good at drawing conclusions from given information. Thus, Tam is good at _________ reasoning.

One aspect of brain maturation that is associated with increases in the speed of neural impulses and improvements in information transmission is:

The growth of _____ during adolescence is directly related to an improved ability to think abstractly.

Which of the following does not support adolescents' improved ability to use deductive reasoning, as described by the text?

Which of the following statements is consistent with Piaget's cognitive development theory?

Adolescent thinking can be distinguished from the thinking of children in several respects. All of these differences stem from improvement(s) in _____ during adolescence.

According to Vygotsky, adolescents learn best when:

What was one of the results of the Guyer and colleagues' (2009) study, where teenagers were imaged with fMRI equipment while they thought they were participating in a networking task with other teenagers (in reality, the study was rigged such that they were automatically provided with positive or negative feedback)?

Who coined the term adolescent egocentrism?