Question 1

Which of the following is not relatively stable during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  class ranking 
B)  intelligence 
C)  height 
D)  mental abilities 
A)  class ranking 
B)  intelligence 
C)  height 
D)  mental abilities

Question 2

Mary is having trouble understanding how to do a math problem. Her teacher asks her just the right question and Mary understands the problem. Vygotsky would refer to the structuring process used by the teacher to guide Mary's thinking as:

Accepted Answer

A)  laddering. 
B)  enabling. 
C)  pillaring. 
D)  scaffolding. 
A)  laddering. 
B)  enabling. 
C)  pillaring. 
D)  scaffolding.

Question 3

With age, adolescents develop a more sophisticated theory of mind, which is the ability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  understand that others have beliefs, intentions, and knowledge that may be different from one's own. 
B)  understand their own thought processes. 
C)  separate what they know from what they think. 
D)  separate what is real from what is possible. 
A)  understand that others have beliefs, intentions, and knowledge that may be different from one's own. 
B)  understand their own thought processes. 
C)  separate what they know from what they think. 
D)  separate what is real from what is possible.

Question 4

Adolescents who score higher than their peers on an IQ test will probably:

Accepted Answer

A)  score lower than their peers on their next IQ test. 
B)  continue to score higher than their peers on future IQ tests. 
C)  score the same as their peers on their next IQ test. 
D)  You cannot make a prediction based on the instability of intelligence. 
A)  score lower than their peers on their next IQ test. 
B)  continue to score higher than their peers on future IQ tests. 
C)  score the same as their peers on their next IQ test. 
D)  You cannot make a prediction based on the instability of intelligence.

Question 5

One type of structural change in the brain has to do with changes in the levels of grey and white matter in the brain. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grey matter decreases while white matter increases. 
B)  Grey matter increases while white matter decreases. 
C)  Both grey matter and white matter decrease. 
D)  Both grey matter and white matter increase. 
A)  Grey matter decreases while white matter increases. 
B)  Grey matter increases while white matter decreases. 
C)  Both grey matter and white matter decrease. 
D)  Both grey matter and white matter increase.

Question 6

Compared to children and adults, adolescents:

Accepted Answer

A)  engage in a greater amount of risky behaviors in the real world. 
B)  perceive fewer risks on laboratory questionnaires. 
C)  make more deliberate decisions in the real world. 
D)  None of these are true. 
A)  engage in a greater amount of risky behaviors in the real world. 
B)  perceive fewer risks on laboratory questionnaires. 
C)  make more deliberate decisions in the real world. 
D)  None of these are true.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about social cognition is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adolescents have a more differentiated and more nuanced understanding of social norms. 
B)  Adolescents are more able than children to step outside themselves and see things from other vantage points. 
C)  Adolescents are less likely to see that social rules are subjective. 
D)  Adolescents are more likely to believe that there are some situations under which it may be appropriate to limit the
Rights of certain people. 
A)  Adolescents have a more differentiated and more nuanced understanding of social norms. 
B)  Adolescents are more able than children to step outside themselves and see things from other vantage points. 
C)  Adolescents are less likely to see that social rules are subjective. 
D)  Adolescents are more likely to believe that there are some situations under which it may be appropriate to limit the
Rights of certain people.

Question 8

According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development that is based on theoretical, abstract principles of logic is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor. 
B)  preoperational. 
C)  concrete operations. 
D)  formal operations. 
A)  sensorimotor. 
B)  preoperational. 
C)  concrete operations. 
D)  formal operations.

Question 9

The text suggests that _________ are not a good explanation of adolescent egocentrism.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive deficiencies 
B)  emotional reasons 
C)  social reasons 
D)  the impact of other people's opinions 
A)  cognitive deficiencies 
B)  emotional reasons 
C)  social reasons 
D)  the impact of other people's opinions

Question 10

Javier spends a great deal of time talking about relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, and morality with his friends, demonstrating his ability to think:

Accepted Answer

A)  abstractly. 
B)  preoperationally. 
C)  concretely. 
D)  deductively. 
A)  abstractly. 
B)  preoperationally. 
C)  concretely. 
D)  deductively.

Question 11

During adolescence, individuals' IQ scores _____, whereas their mental abilities _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  remain stable; increase 
B)  remain stable; decrease 
C)  increase; remain stable 
D)  decrease; remain stable 
A)  remain stable; increase 
B)  remain stable; decrease 
C)  increase; remain stable 
D)  decrease; remain stable

Question 12

In addition to an increase in responsiveness to stress, changes in the _____ may also help explain why adolescents' concerns about what their peers think increase during this time.

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal cortex 
B)  dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 
C)  limbic system 
D)  levels of grey matter 
A)  prefrontal cortex 
B)  dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 
C)  limbic system 
D)  levels of grey matter

Question 13

Are adults, or adolescents, more likely to think of themselves as invulnerable?

Accepted Answer

A)  adults 
B)  adolescents 
C)  both are likely 
D)  Neither group thinks of themselves as invulnerable. 
A)  adults 
B)  adolescents 
C)  both are likely 
D)  Neither group thinks of themselves as invulnerable.

Question 14

Which statement regarding increases in cognitive abilities is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases in cognitive abilities are due to growth in the size of the brain. 
B)  Pruning of the synapses leads to increases in cognitive abilities. 
C)  Changes in levels of neurotransmitters reduce sensitivity to reward, leading to an increase in sensation seeking. 
D)  Maturation of the prefrontal cortex allows for complex activities such as planning, decision making, goal setting, and metacognition. 
A)  Increases in cognitive abilities are due to growth in the size of the brain. 
B)  Pruning of the synapses leads to increases in cognitive abilities. 
C)  Changes in levels of neurotransmitters reduce sensitivity to reward, leading to an increase in sensation seeking. 
D)  Maturation of the prefrontal cortex allows for complex activities such as planning, decision making, goal setting, and metacognition.

Question 15

Mr. Goldberg, a high school teacher, approaches you (a brilliant adolescent psychologist) regarding two of his students. He is concerned about their behavior and hopes you can explain what is going on. One student, Sharon, occasionally engages in unprotected sex. The other student, Michael, constantly wears pants to hide what he believes are skinny legs. Using David Elkind's research results, how would you characterize Sharon's behavior? How would you characterize Michael's behavior? Be sure to justify your answer.

Accepted Answer

These two phenomena result from Elkind's

Question 16

While studying for her biology exam, Jennifer watches her favorite show on TV. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  selective attention. 
B)  divided attention. 
C)  short-term memory. 
D)  long-term memory. 
A)  selective attention. 
B)  divided attention. 
C)  short-term memory. 
D)  long-term memory.

Question 17

The erroneous belief that one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  an imaginary audience. 
B)  a personal fable. 
C)  propositional logic. 
D)  metacognition. 
A)  an imaginary audience. 
B)  a personal fable. 
C)  propositional logic. 
D)  metacognition.

Question 18

Behavioral decision theory draws heavily on _____, and is a rational process in which individuals _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic theory; are forced to think about the root of their behaviors 
B)  information-processing theory; naturally advance in cognitive skills 
C)  economics; calculate the costs and benefits 
D)  behaviorism; make choices based on rewards and punishments 
A)  psychoanalytic theory; are forced to think about the root of their behaviors 
B)  information-processing theory; naturally advance in cognitive skills 
C)  economics; calculate the costs and benefits 
D)  behaviorism; make choices based on rewards and punishments

Question 19

The recall of personally meaningful past events is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory. 
B)  long-term memory. 
C)  autobiographical memory. 
D)  reminiscence bump. 
A)  working memory. 
B)  long-term memory. 
C)  autobiographical memory. 
D)  reminiscence bump.

Question 20

Fifteen-year-old Hermione is able to write a much more complex answer than 10-year-old Ginger to the question, "Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using simple spells for self-protection." This is because, as an adolescent, Hermione is able to think:

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentrically. 
B)  deductively. 
C)  in metacognitive ways. 
D)  in multiple dimensions. 
A)  egocentrically. 
B)  deductively. 
C)  in metacognitive ways. 
D)  in multiple dimensions.

Which of the following is not relatively stable during adolescence?

Mary is having trouble understanding how to do a math problem. Her teacher asks her just the right question and Mary understands the problem. Vygotsky would refer to the structuring process used by the teacher to guide Mary's thinking as:

With age, adolescents develop a more sophisticated theory of mind, which is the ability to:

Adolescents who score higher than their peers on an IQ test will probably:

One type of structural change in the brain has to do with changes in the levels of grey and white matter in the brain. Which of the following statements is true?

Compared to children and adults, adolescents:

Which of the following statements about social cognition is false?

According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development that is based on theoretical, abstract principles of logic is called:

The text suggests that _________ are not a good explanation of adolescent egocentrism.

Javier spends a great deal of time talking about relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, and morality with his friends, demonstrating his ability to think:

During adolescence, individuals' IQ scores _, whereas their mental abilities _.

In addition to an increase in responsiveness to stress, changes in the _____ may also help explain why adolescents' concerns about what their peers think increase during this time.

Are adults, or adolescents, more likely to think of themselves as invulnerable?

Which statement regarding increases in cognitive abilities is false?

While studying for her biology exam, Jennifer watches her favorite show on TV. This is an example of:

The erroneous belief that one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique is called:

Behavioral decision theory draws heavily on _, and is a rational process in which individuals _.

The recall of personally meaningful past events is known as

Fifteen-year-old Hermione is able to write a much more complex answer than 10-year-old Ginger to the question, "Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using simple spells for self-protection." This is because, as an adolescent, Hermione is able to think:

Biological Transitions

Social Transitions

Families

Peer Groups

Schools

Work, Leisure, and Media

Identity

Autonomy

Intimacy

Sexuality

Achievement

Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence

Filters

Exam 2: Cognitive Transitions

Which of the following is not relatively stable during adolescence?

Mary is having trouble understanding how to do a math problem. Her teacher asks her just the right question and Mary understands the problem. Vygotsky would refer to the structuring process used by the teacher to guide Mary's thinking as:

With age, adolescents develop a more sophisticated theory of mind, which is the ability to:

Adolescents who score higher than their peers on an IQ test will probably:

One type of structural change in the brain has to do with changes in the levels of grey and white matter in the brain. Which of the following statements is true?

Compared to children and adults, adolescents:

Which of the following statements about social cognition is false?

According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development that is based on theoretical, abstract principles of logic is called:

The text suggests that _________ are not a good explanation of adolescent egocentrism.

Javier spends a great deal of time talking about relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, and morality with his friends, demonstrating his ability to think:

During adolescence, individuals' IQ scores _____, whereas their mental abilities _____.

In addition to an increase in responsiveness to stress, changes in the _____ may also help explain why adolescents' concerns about what their peers think increase during this time.

Are adults, or adolescents, more likely to think of themselves as invulnerable?

Which statement regarding increases in cognitive abilities is false?

While studying for her biology exam, Jennifer watches her favorite show on TV. This is an example of:

The erroneous belief that one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique is called:

Behavioral decision theory draws heavily on _____, and is a rational process in which individuals _____.

The recall of personally meaningful past events is known as

Fifteen-year-old Hermione is able to write a much more complex answer than 10-year-old Ginger to the question, "Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using simple spells for self-protection." This is because, as an adolescent, Hermione is able to think:

Biological Transitions

Social Transitions

Families

Peer Groups

Schools

Work, Leisure, and Media

Identity

Autonomy

Intimacy

Sexuality

Achievement

Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence

Filters

During adolescence, individuals' IQ scores _, whereas their mental abilities _.

Behavioral decision theory draws heavily on _, and is a rational process in which individuals _.