Question 1

Compare and contrast learning disabilities and mental retardation.In what ways are they similar? In what ways are they different?

Accepted Answer

Learning disabilities and mental retardation are both conditions that can affect a person's ability to learn and function in daily life, but they are distinct in their causes and characteristics.

Similarities:
- Both learning disabilities and mental retardation can impact a person's cognitive abilities and academic performance.
- Individuals with either condition may require specialized education and support to reach their full potential.
- Both conditions can be diagnosed in childhood and can have a significant impact on a person's life.

Differences:
- Learning disabilities are typically specific to certain areas of learning, such as reading, writing, or math, while mental retardation (now referred to as intellectual disability) affects overall intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
- Learning disabilities are often attributed to differences in brain structure or function, while intellectual disability can be caused by genetic factors, prenatal exposure to toxins, or other medical conditions.
- Individuals with learning disabilities may have average or above-average intelligence, while those with intellectual disability typically have below-average intellectual functioning.
- The interventions and support needed for individuals with learning disabilities and intellectual disability can differ based on their specific challenges and strengths.

In summary, while learning disabilities and intellectual disability share some similarities in their impact on learning and daily functioning, they are distinct conditions with different causes and characteristics. Understanding these differences is important for providing appropriate support and interventions for individuals with these conditions.

Question 2

According to Dodge and Frame (1982),aggressive children demonstrate cognitive biases in situations

Accepted Answer

A) in which peers act aggressively. 
B) in which peers act in a prosocial manner. 
C) which are ambiguous. 
D) in which they are rejected. 
A) in which peers act aggressively. 
B) in which peers act in a prosocial manner. 
C) which are ambiguous. 
D) in which they are rejected. C

Question 3

Although low birth weight is a predictor of the development of ADHD,_________ has been shown to help reduce the impact of low birth weight on later symptoms of ADHD.

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin C 
B) maternal warmth 
C) nicotine 
D) breast-feeding 
A) vitamin C 
B) maternal warmth 
C) nicotine 
D) breast-feeding B

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true?

Accepted Answer

A) Heritability estimates for ADHD are quite low. 
B) A single gene,such as the dopamine receptor gene DRD4,is most likely responsible for ADHD. 
C) Serotonin has been found to be associated with ADHD etiology. 
D) Several genes interacting with various environmental factors most likely explains the cause of ADHD. 
A) Heritability estimates for ADHD are quite low. 
B) A single gene,such as the dopamine receptor gene DRD4,is most likely responsible for ADHD. 
C) Serotonin has been found to be associated with ADHD etiology. 
D) Several genes interacting with various environmental factors most likely explains the cause of ADHD.

Question 5

Research on subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder indicates that those with both attentional and hyperactive problems

Accepted Answer

A) have equivalent outcomes to those with only attentional problems. 
B) are more likely to be placed in special education classes than children with only attentional problems. 
C) usually learn better than children with only attentional problems. 
D) are more likely to have a behavioral,rather than a neurological,basis for their problems. 
A) have equivalent outcomes to those with only attentional problems. 
B) are more likely to be placed in special education classes than children with only attentional problems. 
C) usually learn better than children with only attentional problems. 
D) are more likely to have a behavioral,rather than a neurological,basis for their problems.

Question 6

Head Start

Accepted Answer

A) is a federally funded program to prepare low-income children to succeed in the regular school setting. 
B) uses medical and psychological interventions only. 
C) is targeted towards children with developing conduct disorder and ADHD. 
D) provides meals to needy children. 
A) is a federally funded program to prepare low-income children to succeed in the regular school setting. 
B) uses medical and psychological interventions only. 
C) is targeted towards children with developing conduct disorder and ADHD. 
D) provides meals to needy children.

Question 7

The fundamental characteristic of autistic disorder is

Accepted Answer

A) intolerance for routines. 
B) not relating to others. 
C) mental retardation. 
D) poor gross motor skills. 
A) intolerance for routines. 
B) not relating to others. 
C) mental retardation. 
D) poor gross motor skills.

Question 8

Generally,children with mental retardation show _____ deficits in intellectual functioning while children with autistic disorder show ______ deficits.

Accepted Answer

A) overall;only language 
B) only language;overall 
C) overall;only visual-spatial 
D) visual-spatial;overall 
A) overall;only language 
B) only language;overall 
C) overall;only visual-spatial 
D) visual-spatial;overall

Question 9

Investigations of the causes of ADHD have found that environmental toxins,such as food additives and lead

Accepted Answer

A) do not explain more than a small percentage of cases. 
B) are usually the cause of the disorder in those children with an organic basis to their ADHD. 
C) are more likely to cause attentional problems without hyperactivity,but not in those children with both attentional problems and hyperactivity. 
D) cause subtle attentional problems,but not to the degree of ADHD. 
A) do not explain more than a small percentage of cases. 
B) are usually the cause of the disorder in those children with an organic basis to their ADHD. 
C) are more likely to cause attentional problems without hyperactivity,but not in those children with both attentional problems and hyperactivity. 
D) cause subtle attentional problems,but not to the degree of ADHD.

Question 10

Externalizing problems are more frequent in _____,and internalizing problems are more frequent in ______,regardless of culture.

Accepted Answer

A) boys;girls 
B) girls;boys 
C) boys;boys 
D) Gender distribution varies widely in different cultures. 
A) boys;girls 
B) girls;boys 
C) boys;boys 
D) Gender distribution varies widely in different cultures.

Question 11

Research on the role of genetics in conduct disorder has found that

Accepted Answer

A) conduct disorder is primarily genetically determined. 
B) the different behaviors of conduct disorder reflect differential genetic influences. 
C) the concordance rates of MZ twins are not appreciably different from DZ twins. 
D) biological factors play a more prominent role in late-onset antisocial behavior than early-onset antisocial behavior. 
A) conduct disorder is primarily genetically determined. 
B) the different behaviors of conduct disorder reflect differential genetic influences. 
C) the concordance rates of MZ twins are not appreciably different from DZ twins. 
D) biological factors play a more prominent role in late-onset antisocial behavior than early-onset antisocial behavior.

Question 12

Describe two different ways to treat conduct disorder.Which treatment approach is more effective? Why?

Accepted Answer

There are two different ways to treat co

Question 13

Depressed children and adults both exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A) suicide attempts and guilt 
B) fatigue and suicidal ideation 
C) loss of appetite and early morning depression 
D) delusions 
A) suicide attempts and guilt 
B) fatigue and suicidal ideation 
C) loss of appetite and early morning depression 
D) delusions

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of oppositional-defiant disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) extreme physical aggressiveness 
B) temper tantrums 
C) refusing to follow directions 
D) annoying others deliberately 
A) extreme physical aggressiveness 
B) temper tantrums 
C) refusing to follow directions 
D) annoying others deliberately

Question 15

Describe the classifications of mental retardation.What is the utility of such a range,and how has the position of the American Association of Mental Retardation changed this position?

Accepted Answer

Mental retardation, now referred to as i

Question 16

School phobia in young children is most often associated with

Accepted Answer

A) fear of being away from parents. 
B) fear of humiliation by peers. 
C) fear of academic demands. 
D) fear of the unknown. 
A) fear of being away from parents. 
B) fear of humiliation by peers. 
C) fear of academic demands. 
D) fear of the unknown.

Question 17

Results from a recent follow-up study of behavior problems in Thai and U.S.cultures suggest that

Accepted Answer

A) U)S.children are referred to clinics more often for internalizing problems than externalizing problems. 
B) Thai children exhibit more externalizing behaviors. 
C) internalizing and externalizing behaviors are fairly comparable across cultures,but specific behaviors within these domains are not. 
D) behaviors should not be separated into internalizing and externalizing behaviors because a behavior that is viewed in one culture as internalizing may not be viewed the same way in a different culture. 
A) U)S.children are referred to clinics more often for internalizing problems than externalizing problems. 
B) Thai children exhibit more externalizing behaviors. 
C) internalizing and externalizing behaviors are fairly comparable across cultures,but specific behaviors within these domains are not. 
D) behaviors should not be separated into internalizing and externalizing behaviors because a behavior that is viewed in one culture as internalizing may not be viewed the same way in a different culture.

Question 18

Typical treatment of learning disabilities consists of

Accepted Answer

A) specialized diet and medication to improve brain functioning. 
B) individualized instruction and practice in the deficient skill. 
C) systematic reinforcement of the desired academic behavior. 
D) instruction in other skills that compensate for the deficiency. 
A) specialized diet and medication to improve brain functioning. 
B) individualized instruction and practice in the deficient skill. 
C) systematic reinforcement of the desired academic behavior. 
D) instruction in other skills that compensate for the deficiency.

Question 19

The most common medication prescribed for autism is

Accepted Answer

A) antipsychotic medication. 
B) stimulant medication. 
C) antidepressants. 
D) drugs which lower serotonin levels. 
A) antipsychotic medication. 
B) stimulant medication. 
C) antidepressants. 
D) drugs which lower serotonin levels.

Question 20

Autistic disorder was first identified by

Accepted Answer

A) Sigmund Freud. 
B) Leo Kanner. 
C) Emil Kraepelin. 
D) Eugen Blueler. 
A) Sigmund Freud. 
B) Leo Kanner. 
C) Emil Kraepelin. 
D) Eugen Blueler.

Compare and contrast learning disabilities and mental retardation.In what ways are they similar? In what ways are they different?

According to Dodge and Frame (1982),aggressive children demonstrate cognitive biases in situations

Although low birth weight is a predictor of the development of ADHD,_________ has been shown to help reduce the impact of low birth weight on later symptoms of ADHD.

Which of the following statements are true?

Research on subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder indicates that those with both attentional and hyperactive problems

Head Start

The fundamental characteristic of autistic disorder is

Generally,children with mental retardation show _ deficits in intellectual functioning while children with autistic disorder show __ deficits.

Investigations of the causes of ADHD have found that environmental toxins,such as food additives and lead

Externalizing problems are more frequent in _,and internalizing problems are more frequent in __,regardless of culture.

Research on the role of genetics in conduct disorder has found that

Describe two different ways to treat conduct disorder.Which treatment approach is more effective? Why?

Depressed children and adults both exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of oppositional-defiant disorder?

Describe the classifications of mental retardation.What is the utility of such a range,and how has the position of the American Association of Mental Retardation changed this position?

School phobia in young children is most often associated with

Results from a recent follow-up study of behavior problems in Thai and U.S.cultures suggest that

Typical treatment of learning disabilities consists of

The most common medication prescribed for autism is

Autistic disorder was first identified by

Introduction and Historical Overview

Current Paradigms in Psychopathology

Diagnosis and Assessment

Research Methods in the Study of Psychopathology

Anxiety Disorders

Dissociative Disorders and Somatoform Disorders

Stress and Health

Mood Disorders

Eating Disorders

Substance-Related Disorders

Schizophrenia

Personality Disorders

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Late Life and Psychological Disorders

Psychological Treatment

Legal and Ethical Issues

Filters

Exam 14: Disorders of Childhood

Compare and contrast learning disabilities and mental retardation.In what ways are they similar? In what ways are they different?

According to Dodge and Frame (1982),aggressive children demonstrate cognitive biases in situations

Although low birth weight is a predictor of the development of ADHD,_________ has been shown to help reduce the impact of low birth weight on later symptoms of ADHD.

Which of the following statements are true?

Research on subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder indicates that those with both attentional and hyperactive problems

Head Start

The fundamental characteristic of autistic disorder is

Generally,children with mental retardation show _____ deficits in intellectual functioning while children with autistic disorder show ______ deficits.

Investigations of the causes of ADHD have found that environmental toxins,such as food additives and lead

Externalizing problems are more frequent in _____,and internalizing problems are more frequent in ______,regardless of culture.

Research on the role of genetics in conduct disorder has found that

Describe two different ways to treat conduct disorder.Which treatment approach is more effective? Why?

Depressed children and adults both exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of oppositional-defiant disorder?

Describe the classifications of mental retardation.What is the utility of such a range,and how has the position of the American Association of Mental Retardation changed this position?

School phobia in young children is most often associated with

Results from a recent follow-up study of behavior problems in Thai and U.S.cultures suggest that

Typical treatment of learning disabilities consists of

The most common medication prescribed for autism is

Autistic disorder was first identified by

Introduction and Historical Overview

Current Paradigms in Psychopathology

Diagnosis and Assessment

Research Methods in the Study of Psychopathology

Anxiety Disorders

Dissociative Disorders and Somatoform Disorders

Stress and Health

Mood Disorders

Eating Disorders

Substance-Related Disorders

Schizophrenia

Personality Disorders

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Late Life and Psychological Disorders

Psychological Treatment

Legal and Ethical Issues

Filters

Generally,children with mental retardation show _ deficits in intellectual functioning while children with autistic disorder show __ deficits.

Externalizing problems are more frequent in _,and internalizing problems are more frequent in __,regardless of culture.