Question 1

Explain the difference between naturalistic observation and laboratory observation,noting advantages and disadvantages of each.

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves watching people or other animals in their natural habitats.This type of research has high ecological validity and usually low reactivity.It has great flexibility,but lacks control.In addition,it tends to be costly and time consuming.Laboratory observation involves watching people or other animals in an artificial laboratory setting.The ecological validity is questionable and the reactivity tends to be higher.It has great control,but lacks flexibility.It also tends to be less costly and time consuming than naturalistic observation.

Question 2

A tally sheet on which attributes that will not change are recorded is to _____ as a tally sheet used to note the presence or absence of behaviors is to _____ items.

Accepted Answer

A) static; action 
B) action; static 
C) narrative; non-narrative 
D) non-narrative; narrative 
A) static; action 
B) action; static 
C) narrative; non-narrative 
D) non-narrative; narrative A

Question 3

Questions that ask for basic information such as age,gender,ethnicity,or income are called _____ questions and should be placed at the _____ of a survey.

Accepted Answer

A) demographic; end 
B) demographic; beginning 
C) double-barreled; end 
D) double-barreled; beginning 
A) demographic; end 
B) demographic; beginning 
C) double-barreled; end 
D) double-barreled; beginning A

Question 4

A subjective means of collecting data is to _____ as a more objective means of collecting data is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) checklists; narrative records 
B) a static checklist; an action checklist 
C) narrative records; checklists 
D) an action item; a static item 
A) checklists; narrative records 
B) a static checklist; an action checklist 
C) narrative records; checklists 
D) an action item; a static item

Question 5

_____ reliability should be established when using the data collection method of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Test/retest; checklists 
B) Test/retest; narrative records 
C) Interrater; narrative records 
D) Interrater; checklists 
A) Test/retest; checklists 
B) Test/retest; narrative records 
C) Interrater; narrative records 
D) Interrater; checklists

Question 6

The _____ method involves describing data that existed before the time of the study.

Accepted Answer

A) case study 
B) naturalistic observational 
C) laboratory observational 
D) archival 
A) case study 
B) naturalistic observational 
C) laboratory observational 
D) archival

Question 7

Identify and briefly describe probability sampling versus nonprobability sampling.

Accepted Answer

Probability sampling is a sampling techn

Question 8

A multiple-choice question is to a(n)_____ question and a short answer question is to a(n)_____ question.

Accepted Answer

A) leading; loaded 
B) loaded; leading 
C) open-ended; closed-ended 
D) closed-ended; open-ended 
A) leading; loaded 
B) loaded; leading 
C) open-ended; closed-ended 
D) closed-ended; open-ended

Question 9

How does the case study method differ from the observational method?

Accepted Answer

The case study method involves making an

Question 10

Lack of flexibility is to _____ observation as lack of control is to _____ observation.

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory; naturalistic 
B) naturalistic; laboratory 
C) disguised; undisguised 
D) undisguised; disguised 
A) laboratory; naturalistic 
B) naturalistic; laboratory 
C) disguised; undisguised 
D) undisguised; disguised

Question 11

_____ sampling is a sampling technique that involves ensuring that the sample is like the population on certain characteristics but uses convenience sampling to obtain the participants.

Accepted Answer

A) Quota 
B) Random 
C) Stratified random 
D) Cluster 
A) Quota 
B) Random 
C) Stratified random 
D) Cluster

Question 12

Which of the following is not a type of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A) case study 
B) action research 
C) archival research 
D) survey research 
A) case study 
B) action research 
C) archival research 
D) survey research

Question 13

Per the text,Jean Piaget began his study of cognitive development by conducting _____ of his own three children.

Accepted Answer

A) survey studies 
B) observational studies 
C) case studies 
D) narrative records 
A) survey studies 
B) observational studies 
C) case studies 
D) narrative records

Question 14

A tally sheet on which the researcher records attributes of the participants and whether particular behaviors were observed is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) narrative record. 
B) action record. 
C) checklist. 
D) narrative list. 
A) narrative record. 
B) action record. 
C) checklist. 
D) narrative list.

Question 15

Jill collects data on the participants in her study by writing down a full narrative description of everything they do.Jill is using a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) narrative record. 
B) action record. 
C) checklist. 
D) static checklist. 
A) narrative record. 
B) action record. 
C) checklist. 
D) static checklist.

Question 16

Rich is conducting a survey of student opinion of the dining hall at his university.In order to make sure that students from each major are adequately represented he should use the _____ sampling technique.

Accepted Answer

A) random 
B) cluster 
C) stratified random 
D) convenience 
A) random 
B) cluster 
C) stratified random 
D) convenience

Question 17

In order to generate a _____ sample,Pam selected every 10th name off of the registrar's alphabetical list of all students at her university.All of the students at the university represent the _____ and Pam used the _____ sampling technique.

Accepted Answer

A) random; sample; random 
B) representative; population; random 
C) representative; sample; cluster 
D) representative; population; cluster 
A) random; sample; random 
B) representative; population; random 
C) representative; sample; cluster 
D) representative; population; cluster

Question 18

Questions for which participants formulate their own responses are _____ questions.

Accepted Answer

A) leading 
B) open-ended 
C) closed-ended 
D) loaded 
A) leading 
B) open-ended 
C) closed-ended 
D) loaded

Question 19

_____ is/are a lesser concern when using _____ observation because the observations are made in an _____ manner.

Accepted Answer

A) Reactivity; undisguised; obtrusive 
B) Expectancy effects; undisguised; unobtrusive 
C) Reactivity; disguised; unobtrusive 
D) Expectancy effects; disguised; obtrusive 
A) Reactivity; undisguised; obtrusive 
B) Expectancy effects; undisguised; unobtrusive 
C) Reactivity; disguised; unobtrusive 
D) Expectancy effects; disguised; obtrusive

Question 20

Which of the following is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) A loaded question is a question including non-neutral or emotionally laden terms. 
B) A leading question is a question that sways the respondent to answer in a desired manner. 
C) A closed-ended question is a question for which participants formulate their own responses. 
D) A double-barreled question is a question on which more than one thing is asked. 
A) A loaded question is a question including non-neutral or emotionally laden terms. 
B) A leading question is a question that sways the respondent to answer in a desired manner. 
C) A closed-ended question is a question for which participants formulate their own responses. 
D) A double-barreled question is a question on which more than one thing is asked.

Explain the difference between naturalistic observation and laboratory observation,noting advantages and disadvantages of each.

A tally sheet on which attributes that will not change are recorded is to _ as a tally sheet used to note the presence or absence of behaviors is to _ items.

Questions that ask for basic information such as age,gender,ethnicity,or income are called _ questions and should be placed at the _ of a survey.

A subjective means of collecting data is to _ as a more objective means of collecting data is to _.

_ reliability should be established when using the data collection method of _.

The _____ method involves describing data that existed before the time of the study.

Identify and briefly describe probability sampling versus nonprobability sampling.

A multiple-choice question is to a(n)_ question and a short answer question is to a(n)_ question.

How does the case study method differ from the observational method?

Lack of flexibility is to _ observation as lack of control is to _ observation.

_____ sampling is a sampling technique that involves ensuring that the sample is like the population on certain characteristics but uses convenience sampling to obtain the participants.

Which of the following is not a type of qualitative research?

Per the text,Jean Piaget began his study of cognitive development by conducting _____ of his own three children.

A tally sheet on which the researcher records attributes of the participants and whether particular behaviors were observed is a(n)

Jill collects data on the participants in her study by writing down a full narrative description of everything they do.Jill is using a(n)

Rich is conducting a survey of student opinion of the dining hall at his university.In order to make sure that students from each major are adequately represented he should use the _____ sampling technique.

In order to generate a ___ sample,Pam selected every 10^th name off of the registrar's alphabetical list of all students at her university.All of the students at the university represent the _ and Pam used the ___ sampling technique.

Questions for which participants formulate their own responses are _____ questions.

___ is/are a lesser concern when using _ observation because the observations are made in an ___ manner.

Which of the following is FALSE?

Thinking Like a Scientist

Getting Started: Ideas, resources, and Ethics

Defining, measuring, and Manipulating Variables

Data Organization and Descriptive Statistics

Correlational Methods and Statistics

Probability and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Inferential Statistics

The Logic of Experimental Design

Inferential Statistics: Two-Group Designs

Experimental Designs With More Than Two Levels of an Independent Variable

Complex Experimental Design

Quasi-Experimental and Single-Case Designs

Apa Communication Guidelines

Filters

Exam 4: Descriptive Methods

Explain the difference between naturalistic observation and laboratory observation,noting advantages and disadvantages of each.

A tally sheet on which attributes that will not change are recorded is to _____ as a tally sheet used to note the presence or absence of behaviors is to _____ items.

Questions that ask for basic information such as age,gender,ethnicity,or income are called _____ questions and should be placed at the _____ of a survey.

A subjective means of collecting data is to _____ as a more objective means of collecting data is to _____.

_____ reliability should be established when using the data collection method of _____.

The _____ method involves describing data that existed before the time of the study.

Identify and briefly describe probability sampling versus nonprobability sampling.

A multiple-choice question is to a(n)_____ question and a short answer question is to a(n)_____ question.

How does the case study method differ from the observational method?

Lack of flexibility is to _____ observation as lack of control is to _____ observation.

_____ sampling is a sampling technique that involves ensuring that the sample is like the population on certain characteristics but uses convenience sampling to obtain the participants.

Which of the following is not a type of qualitative research?

Per the text,Jean Piaget began his study of cognitive development by conducting _____ of his own three children.

A tally sheet on which the researcher records attributes of the participants and whether particular behaviors were observed is a(n)

Jill collects data on the participants in her study by writing down a full narrative description of everything they do.Jill is using a(n)

Rich is conducting a survey of student opinion of the dining hall at his university.In order to make sure that students from each major are adequately represented he should use the _____ sampling technique.

In order to generate a _____ sample,Pam selected every 10th name off of the registrar's alphabetical list of all students at her university.All of the students at the university represent the _____ and Pam used the _____ sampling technique.

Questions for which participants formulate their own responses are _____ questions.

_____ is/are a lesser concern when using _____ observation because the observations are made in an _____ manner.

Which of the following is FALSE?

Thinking Like a Scientist

Getting Started: Ideas, resources, and Ethics

Defining, measuring, and Manipulating Variables

Data Organization and Descriptive Statistics

Correlational Methods and Statistics

Probability and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Inferential Statistics

The Logic of Experimental Design

Inferential Statistics: Two-Group Designs

Experimental Designs With More Than Two Levels of an Independent Variable

Complex Experimental Design

Quasi-Experimental and Single-Case Designs

Apa Communication Guidelines

Filters

A tally sheet on which attributes that will not change are recorded is to _ as a tally sheet used to note the presence or absence of behaviors is to _ items.

Questions that ask for basic information such as age,gender,ethnicity,or income are called _ questions and should be placed at the _ of a survey.

A subjective means of collecting data is to _ as a more objective means of collecting data is to _.

_ reliability should be established when using the data collection method of _.

A multiple-choice question is to a(n)_ question and a short answer question is to a(n)_ question.

Lack of flexibility is to _ observation as lack of control is to _ observation.

In order to generate a ___ sample,Pam selected every 10^th name off of the registrar's alphabetical list of all students at her university.All of the students at the university represent the _ and Pam used the ___ sampling technique.

___ is/are a lesser concern when using _ observation because the observations are made in an ___ manner.