A) the extent to which the results of an experiment can be attributed to the manipulation of the dependent variable,rather than to some confounding variable. B) the extent to which the results of an experiment can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable,rather than to some confounding variable. C) the extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized. D) both b and c A) the extent to which the results of an experiment can be attributed to the manipulation of the dependent variable,rather than to some confounding variable. B) the extent to which the results of an experiment can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable,rather than to some confounding variable. C) the extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized. D) both b and c

Exam 9: The Logic of Experimental Design

A health magazine recently reported a study in which researchers claimed that iron supplements increased memory and problem-solving abilities in a random sample of college women.All of the women took memory and problem-solving tests at the beginning of the study,then took iron supplements,and then took the same tests again at the end of the study.What is wrong with this design? What confounds could be leading to the results of improved memory and problem-solving skills?

Free

(Essay)

5.0/5

(38)

Question 1

Correct Answer:

Verified

This is a single-group pretest/posttest design.In other words,there is no control group,and there should be a control group.The problem is that the subjects could have done any number of things between the pretest and posttest (in addition to taking iron supplements)that could have also led to this improvement.Thus,there could be a practice effect or a maturation effect.

In an experimental study of the effects of exercise on stress,stress is the

Free

(Multiple Choice)

4.7/5

(32)

Question 2

Correct Answer:

Verified

Which of the following is a type of correlated-groups designs?

Free

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(36)

Question 3

Correct Answer:

Verified

A mechanism for controlling order effects ether by including all orders or treatment presentations or by randomly determining the order for each participants is

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(34)

Question 4

Identify the two types of correlated-groups designs discussed in the text and explain why each is considered a correlated-groups design.

(Essay)

4.8/5

(32)

Question 5

A problem for within-subjects designs in which the order of the conditions has an effect on the dependent variable is

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(29)

Question 6

Explain what a Latin square is and how it helps with counterbalancing.

(Essay)

4.7/5

(34)

Question 7

A decline in performance due to repeated testing is a(n)_ effect and improvement in performance due to repeated testing is a(n)_ effect.

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(23)

Question 8

What are the advantages and disadvantages in the use of a posttest-only control group design versus a pretest-posttest control group design?

(Essay)

4.7/5

(37)

Question 9

After grading 20 very poor term papers,Professor Jones was so upset by his students' writing that he became even more conscious of errors in their papers.Professor Jones' change in his grading criteria is similar to the confound of

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(37)

Question 10

A limitation in the ability to differentiate between scores at the bottom of the scale is a _ and a limitation in the ability to differentiate between scores at the top of the scale is a _.

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(31)

Question 11

Increasing the number of levels of the independent variable is to _ replication as changing the type of dependent measure is to _ replication.

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(35)

Question 12

John conducted an experiment to test the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program.The experiment took place over a one-month time period.Participants in the control group and the experimental group (those who participated in the smoking cessation program)recorded the number of cigarettes that they smoked each day.John was unaware that "national stop-smoking week" also happened to take place during the one-month time period of his experiment.John's experiment is now confounded by

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(40)

Question 13

What is a confound and how is it related to internal validity?

(Essay)

4.9/5

(34)

Question 14

Single-blind experiments help to control for effects whereas double-blind experiments help to control for _ effects.

(Multiple Choice)

4.7/5

(24)

Question 15

Internal validity is

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(38)

Question 16

Baseline is to treatment as _ is to _.

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(34)

Question 17

Briefly explain the relationship between participant effects,experimenter effects,single-blind experiments,and double-blind experiments.

(Essay)

4.8/5

(34)

Question 18

Briefly explain the confounds of history and maturation.

(Essay)

4.9/5

(32)

Question 19

Explain what counterbalancing is,how it is achieved,and which confound it helps to minimize.

(Essay)

4.7/5

(30)

Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 43

In an experimental study of the effects of exercise on stress,stress is the

Which of the following is a type of correlated-groups designs?

A mechanism for controlling order effects ether by including all orders or treatment presentations or by randomly determining the order for each participants is

Identify the two types of correlated-groups designs discussed in the text and explain why each is considered a correlated-groups design.

A problem for within-subjects designs in which the order of the conditions has an effect on the dependent variable is

Explain what a Latin square is and how it helps with counterbalancing.

A decline in performance due to repeated testing is a(n)_ effect and improvement in performance due to repeated testing is a(n)_ effect.

What are the advantages and disadvantages in the use of a posttest-only control group design versus a pretest-posttest control group design?

After grading 20 very poor term papers,Professor Jones was so upset by his students' writing that he became even more conscious of errors in their papers.Professor Jones' change in his grading criteria is similar to the confound of

A limitation in the ability to differentiate between scores at the bottom of the scale is a _ and a limitation in the ability to differentiate between scores at the top of the scale is a _.

Increasing the number of levels of the independent variable is to _ replication as changing the type of dependent measure is to _ replication.

What is a confound and how is it related to internal validity?

Single-blind experiments help to control for effects whereas double-blind experiments help to control for _ effects.

Internal validity is

Baseline is to treatment as _ is to _.

Briefly explain the relationship between participant effects,experimenter effects,single-blind experiments,and double-blind experiments.

Briefly explain the confounds of history and maturation.

Explain what counterbalancing is,how it is achieved,and which confound it helps to minimize.

Thinking Like a Scientist

Getting Started: Ideas, resources, and Ethics

Defining, measuring, and Manipulating Variables

Descriptive Methods

Data Organization and Descriptive Statistics

Correlational Methods and Statistics

Probability and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Inferential Statistics

Inferential Statistics: Two-Group Designs

Experimental Designs With More Than Two Levels of an Independent Variable

Complex Experimental Design

Quasi-Experimental and Single-Case Designs

Apa Communication Guidelines

Filters

Exam 9: The Logic of Experimental Design

In an experimental study of the effects of exercise on stress,stress is the

Which of the following is a type of correlated-groups designs?

A mechanism for controlling order effects ether by including all orders or treatment presentations or by randomly determining the order for each participants is

Identify the two types of correlated-groups designs discussed in the text and explain why each is considered a correlated-groups design.

A problem for within-subjects designs in which the order of the conditions has an effect on the dependent variable is

Explain what a Latin square is and how it helps with counterbalancing.

A decline in performance due to repeated testing is a(n)_____ effect and improvement in performance due to repeated testing is a(n)_____ effect.

What are the advantages and disadvantages in the use of a posttest-only control group design versus a pretest-posttest control group design?

After grading 20 very poor term papers,Professor Jones was so upset by his students' writing that he became even more conscious of errors in their papers.Professor Jones' change in his grading criteria is similar to the confound of

A limitation in the ability to differentiate between scores at the bottom of the scale is a _____ and a limitation in the ability to differentiate between scores at the top of the scale is a _____.

Increasing the number of levels of the independent variable is to _____ replication as changing the type of dependent measure is to _____ replication.

What is a confound and how is it related to internal validity?

Single-blind experiments help to control for ____ effects whereas double-blind experiments help to control for _____ effects.

Internal validity is

Baseline is to treatment as _____ is to _____.

Briefly explain the relationship between participant effects,experimenter effects,single-blind experiments,and double-blind experiments.

Briefly explain the confounds of history and maturation.

Explain what counterbalancing is,how it is achieved,and which confound it helps to minimize.

Thinking Like a Scientist

Getting Started: Ideas, resources, and Ethics

Defining, measuring, and Manipulating Variables

Descriptive Methods

Data Organization and Descriptive Statistics

Correlational Methods and Statistics

Probability and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Inferential Statistics

Inferential Statistics: Two-Group Designs

Experimental Designs With More Than Two Levels of an Independent Variable

Complex Experimental Design

Quasi-Experimental and Single-Case Designs

Apa Communication Guidelines

Filters

A decline in performance due to repeated testing is a(n)_ effect and improvement in performance due to repeated testing is a(n)_ effect.

A limitation in the ability to differentiate between scores at the bottom of the scale is a _ and a limitation in the ability to differentiate between scores at the top of the scale is a _.

Increasing the number of levels of the independent variable is to _ replication as changing the type of dependent measure is to _ replication.

Single-blind experiments help to control for effects whereas double-blind experiments help to control for _ effects.

Baseline is to treatment as _ is to _.